Ukwenza kabusha kwedijithali: Ukulwa nezingwadule zedijithali

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 26, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukwenza kabusha kwedijithali kuyaqhubeka nokudala isevisi ye-inthanethi engalingani emiphakathini ehola kancane kanye nencane, okugqamisa umgoqo obalulekile wempumelelo yezomnotho nokulingana komphakathi. Imizamo yokulwa nalolu daba ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kwedijithali ngoxhaso olukhulu, nokho izinselele zisaqhubeka ekuqinisekiseni isivinini esilinganayo se-inthanethi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda kuzo zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane. Umthelela wokwenziwa kabusha kwedijithali udlulela ngalé kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi kuphela, okuthinta amathuba emfundo, ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, nokusebenzelana nomphakathi, kugcizelela isidingo sezixazululo ezibanzi zokuvala ukuhlukana kwedijithali.

Ingqikithi yokuhlela kabusha kwedijithali

Ukwenza kabusha kwedijithali kumele ukubonakaliswa kwesimanje kwenkinga endala, lapho abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi (ama-ISP) babela izinsiza ezimbalwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela banikeze isivinini se-inthanethi esinensayo, emiphakathini ehola kancane kanye nencane kunezindawo ezicebile, ikakhulukazi zabamhlophe. Isibonelo, ucwaningo oluqokonyiswe ngo-Okthoba 2022 lwembula umehluko omkhulu wesivinini se-inthanethi phakathi komakhelwane abahola kancane eNew Orleans kanye nendawo yabacebile eseduze, yize bobabili bekhokha amanani afanayo ngenkonzo yabo. Ukungalingani okunjalo kugcizelela udaba olucindezelayo lokufinyelela kwedijithali njengesinqumo sempumelelo yezomnotho, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu iba ngokubaluleka kakhulu kwezemfundo, ukuqashwa, nokubamba iqhaza emnothweni wedijithali.

Ngo-2023, cishe abafundi abaNsundu abayizigidi ezi-4.5 emabangeni K-12 abakwazanga ukufinyelela ku-broadband yekhwalithi ephezulu, okunqinda ikhono labo lokuqeda umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya futhi baphumelele ezifundweni, ngokusho kwe-CEO Action for Racial Equality. I-Belfer Center yeSikole sase-Harvard Kennedy yenze ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwedijithali nokungalingani kwemali engenayo, iphawula ukuthi ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kuholela emiphumeleni yezomnotho empofu kakhulu kulabo abasohlangothini olungalungile lwehlukana. Lolu daba oluhlelekile lukhuthaza imijikelezo yobumpofu futhi luvimbele ukukhuphuka kokukhuphuka.

Imizamo yokubhekana nokuhlelwa kabusha kwedijithali ifake phakathi izinyathelo zomthetho kanye nokubiza izinyathelo zokulawula. I-Digital Equity Act imele isinyathelo esibalulekile ekubhekaneni nokufakwa kwedijithali ngokunikeza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.75 ezifundazweni, ezindaweni, nasezindaweni zezizwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufinyelela kwedijithali. Ukwengeza, ukumela kwe-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) kanye nezifundazwe ukuthi kuvinjelwe ukwenziwa kabusha kwedijithali kubonisa ukuqashelwa okukhulayo kwesidingo sokungenelela kwenqubomgomo. Kodwa-ke, uphenyo kuma-ISP afana ne-AT&T, Verizon, EarthLink, ne-CenturyLink lugqamisa ukungatshalwa phansi okuqhubekayo kwengqalasizinda emiphakathini encishwe amathuba. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukwenza kabusha kwedijithali kungaholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu ekufinyeleleni izinsiza zezempilo ngocingo, ulwazi lwezempilo, namathuluzi okuphatha ezempilo edijithali. Lo mkhawulo ubaluleke kakhulu ezinkingeni zezempilo zomphakathi, lapho ukufinyelela okufika ngesikhathi olwazini kanye nokubonisana okukude kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni yezempilo. Imiphakathi enganakiwe enokufinyelela okudijithali okulinganiselwe ingase ibe nzima ukuthola izeluleko zezokwelapha ngesikhathi, ukuhlela imigomo, noma ukuphatha izimo ezingelapheki ngendlela efanele, okuholela ekwandeni kwegebe lokulingana kwezempilo.

Ezinkampanini, imithelela yokwenziwa kabusha kwedijithali idlulela ekutholweni kwethalente, ekwandiseni imakethe, kanye nemizamo yebhizinisi yokubophezeleka komphakathi. Amabhizinisi angase athwale kanzima ukuze afinyelele amakhasimende angaba khona ezindaweni ezinganakiwe ngokwedijithali, anciphise ukukhula kwemakethe futhi aqinise ukungafani kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifuna ukungena echibini lamathalente ahlukahlukene zizobhekana nezinselelo zokuqasha abantu abavela kulezi zindawo, okungenzeka bengenawo amakhono edijithali adingekayo ngenxa yokungafinyeleli ngokwanele kwezobuchwepheshe. 

Izinqubomgomo zasekhaya nezikazwelonke zidinga ukubeka eqhulwini ukufinyelela okulinganayo ku-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu njengelungelo eliyisisekelo, elifana nokuthola amanzi ahlanzekile nogesi. Ezimeni ezidinga ukuxhumana okusheshayo nezakhamizi—njengezinhlekelele zemvelo, izimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo yomphakathi, noma izinsongo zokuphepha—ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kwedijithali okulinganayo kungakhinyabeza kakhulu ukusebenza kwezaziso nezibuyekezo zikahulumeni. Leli gebe aligcini nje ngokubekela inselele ukuphepha kanye nenhlalakahle esheshayo yezakhamuzi kodwa futhi libeka umthwalo owengeziwe ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo kanye nemizamo yokubhekana nezinhlekelele. 

Imithelela yokwenziwa kabusha kwedijithali

Imithelela ebanzi yokwenziwa kabusha kwedijithali ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ohulumeni basekhaya basebenzisa imithetho eqinile kuma-ISP ukuze baqinisekise ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane, behlisa ukungafani kwedijithali.
• Izikole ezisezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle zithola uxhaso olunyukile kanye nezinsiza zamathuluzi edijithali nokufinyelela kwe-broadband, okuthuthukisa ukulingana kwezemfundo.
• Ukwenyuka kokutholwa kwe-telehealth ezindaweni ezinakekelwa kahle, kuyilapho imiphakathi ethintwa ukuguqulwa kwedijithali iqhubeka nokubhekana nezithiyo ekufinyeleleni izinsizakalo zezempilo eziku-inthanethi.
• Izinkundla zokuxoxisana nomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuvota ku-inthanethi ziyakhula, kodwa ziyehluleka ukufinyelela abantu emiphakathini edwetshwe kabusha ngokwedijithali, okuthinta ukubamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali okuthonya amaphethini okufuduka, abantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni bethuthela ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda yedijithali engcono befuna ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe emsebenzini kanye nemfundo.
• Amabhizinisi athuthukisa amasu okumaketha aqondisiwe ezindawo ezine-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu, okungenzeka ukuthi anganaki abathengi ezindaweni ezinganakwa ngokwedijithali.
• Ukwenyuswa kokutshalwa kwezimali kuzixazululo ze-inthanethi yeselula njengenye indlela ye-broadband evamile, enikeza indlela engase ibe khona yezinkinga zokuxhuma ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle.
• Amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa kabusha amadolobha abeka phambili ingqalasizinda yedijithali, okungenzeka kuholele ekwakhiweni nasekususweni kwezakhamizi zamanje ezindaweni ezazibekwe kabusha.
• Imitapo yolwazi yomphakathi nezikhungo zomphakathi ezisezindaweni ezidwetshwe kabusha ngokwedijithali ziba izindawo ezibalulekile zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi yamahhala, okugcizelela indima yazo ekwesekeni umphakathi.
• Imizamo yobulungiswa bezemvelo ivinjwa ukushoda kokuqoqwa kolwazi kanye nokubika ezindaweni ezingenakho ukufinyelela kudijithali, okuthinta ukwabiwa kwezinsiza zokungcolisa kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi endaweni yangakini uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphakathi engomakhelwane, futhi lokhu kungabonisani mayelana nokufakwa kwedijithali endaweni yangakini?
• Ohulumeni basekhaya nezinhlangano zomphakathi bangasebenzisana kanjani ukuze kubhekwane ne-digital redling kanye nomthelela wako?