Ingqalasizinda yezimoto zikagesi: Ukunika amandla isizukulwane esilandelayo sezimoto ezisimeme

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 13, 2023

Njengoba amazwe ezabalazela ukuhambisana nemigomo yawo yokunciphisa isikhutha ngo-2050, ohulumeni abambalwa bakhipha izinhlelo zabo zengqalasizinda yezimoto zikagesi (EV) zokusheshisa imizamo yabo yokunciphisa ikhabhoni. Eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izithembiso zokuqeda ukudayiswa kwezimoto zenjini evuthayo phakathi kuka-2030 kuya ku-2045. 

Ingqalasizinda yemoto kagesi

E-UK, amaphesenti angama-91 egesi ebamba ukushisa aphuma ezintweni zokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, izwe lihlela ukufaka iziteshi zokushaja izimoto zomphakathi ezingaba ngu-300,000 kulo lonke elase-UK ngo-2030 ngesabelomali esilinganiselwa ku-$625 million USD. Lezi zindawo zokushaja zizobekwa ezindaweni zokuhlala, izindawo zemikhumbi (yamaloli), kanye nezindawo zokushaja ezinikezelwe ebusuku. 

Khonamanjalo, "Fit for 55 Package" ye-European Union (EU) eyavezwa obala ngoJulayi 2021, yaveza umgomo wayo wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-55 ngo-2030 uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga asukela ku-1990. ibe yizwekazi lokuqala emhlabeni elingathathi hlangothi ngo-2050. Uhlelo lwayo oluyinhloko luhlanganisa ukufaka izindawo zokushaja zomphakathi ezifika ezigidini ezingu-6.8 ngo-2030. Lolu hlelo futhi lugcizelela ukuthuthukiswa okudingekayo kugridi kagesi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ama-EV amandla ahlanzekile.

UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US uphinde wakhipha ukuhlaziya kwawo kwengqalasizinda ye-EV, okudinga izindawo zokukhokhisa okungezona ezokuhlala ezifinyelela ezigidini eziyi-1.2 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, i-US izobe inamapulagi okushaja acishe abe ngu-600,000 eLeveli 2 (omphakathi nawasemsebenzini) kanye nangu-25,000 ashaja ngokushesha ukuze asekele izidingo zezimoto zikagesi ezixhunywayo ezicishe zibe izigidi eziyi-15 (PEVs). Ingqalasizinda ekhona yomphakathi eshajayo ihlanganisa kuphela amaphesenti ayi-13 amapulaki okushaja ahlelelwe u-2030. Nokho, amadolobha afana neSan Jose, California (73%), San Francisco, California (43%) kanye neSeattle, Washington (41%) ane ingxenye ephezulu yamapulaki okushaja futhi aseduze nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zesidingo esicatshangelwayo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izomnotho ezithuthukile cishe zizokhuphula ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakheni ingqalasizinda ye-EV. Ohulumeni banganikeza izikhuthazo zezimali, njengezibonelelo noma izikweletu zentela, kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuze bakhuthaze ukuthengwa kwama-EV nokufakwa kweziteshi zokushaja. Ohulumeni bangakha futhi ubudlelwano nezinkampani ezizimele ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi okushaja, ukwabelana ngezindleko nezinzuzo zokwakha kanye nokugcina ingqalasizinda.

Nokho, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zengqalasizinda zama-EV kubhekene nenselelo enkulu: ukukholisa umphakathi ukuthi wamukele ama-EV kanye nokuwenza abe yinketho ekahle. Ukushintsha umbono womphakathi, abanye ohulumeni basekhaya bahlose ukwanda kokutholakala kwezindawo zokushaja ngokuzihlanganisa namalambu emigwaqo, izindawo zokupaka kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Ohulumeni basekhaya kungase futhi badinge ukucabangela umthelela wokufakwa kwendawo yokushaja yomphakathi ekuphepheni kwabahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili. Ukugcina ibhalansi, imizila yamabhayisikili namabhasi kufanele igcinwe icacile futhi ifinyeleleka, njengoba ukugibela amabhayisikili nokusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukungcola.

Ngokungeziwe ekwandiseni ukufinyeleleka, lezi zinhlelo zengqalasizinda ye-EV kufanele futhi zicabangele ukuqondisa izinqubo zokukhokha kanye nokuhlinzeka abathengi ngolwazi mayelana nentengo lapho besebenzisa lawa maphuzu okushaja. Iziteshi ezishaja ngokushesha zizodinga ukufakwa emigwaqweni emikhulu ukuze zisekele ukuhamba amabanga amade ngamaloli namabhasi. I-EU ilinganisela ukuthi cishe u-$350 bhiliyoni we-USD uzodingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ingqalasizinda ye-EV eyanele ngo-2030. Khonamanjalo, uhulumeni wase-US uhlola izinketho zokusekela okuthandwa ngabathengi phakathi kwezimoto ezihlanganisa i-plug-in hybrid electric (PHEVs) nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zebhethri (BEVs).

Imithelela yengqalasizinda yemoto kagesi

Imithelela ebanzi yokunwetshwa kwengqalasizinda ye-EV ingabandakanya:

• Abakhiqizi bezimoto abagxile ekukhiqizweni kwe-EV futhi bayeke kancane kancane amamodeli edizili ngaphambi kuka-2030.
• Imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka ezenzakalelayo, i-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), neziteshi ezishaja ngokushesha ezingasekeli ama-EV kuphela kodwa izimoto ezizimele namaloli.
• Ohulumeni bakhulisa isabelomali sabo sengqalasizinda ye-EV, okuhlanganisa nemikhankaso yezokuthutha esimeme ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
• Ukwenyuka kokuqwashisa nokwamukelwa kwama-EV okuholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sengqondo somphakathi mayelana nezinto zokuhamba ezisimeme kanye nokuncika kancane emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
• Amathuba emisebenzi emisha kwezokukhiqiza, ingqalasizinda yokushaja, kanye nobuchwepheshe bamabhethri. 
• Ukwenyuka kokufinyelela kwezokuthutha ezihlanzekile nezisimeme emiphakathini ebinganakekelwa kahle phambilini.
• Ukuqamba okusha okwengeziwe kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, izixazululo zokushaja, nezinhlelo zegridi ezihlakaniphile, okuholela ekugcinweni kwamandla nasekuthuthukisweni kokusabalalisa.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo semithombo yamandla ahlanzekile, njengomoya nelanga, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali okwengeziwe kumandla avuselelekayo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ngabe ingqalasizinda ingawasekela kanjani ama-EV?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinselelo zengqalasizinda ezingaba khona ekushintsheni kuma-EV?