Intela Ye-Carbon Border yase-EU: Ukwenza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kubize kakhulu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• September 29, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ihlose ukulinganisa amanani entengo yekhabhoni phakathi kwezimpahla zasekhaya nezingenisiwe futhi ivimbele izimboni ukuthi zithuthele emazweni anemithetho exegenayo yezemvelo. Ihlelelwe ukusebenza ngokugcwele ngoJanuwari 2026, intela izoqale ihlanganise imikhakha efana nensimbi, insimbi, usimende, nokukhiqiza ugesi. Abakhiqizi abangebona abe-EU bazobhekana nezindleko ezikhuphukayo, ezithinta amazwe afana ne-China, Russia, ne-India. Nakuba intela ihlose ukugqugquzela ukuncishiswa kwezimo ezingcolisa umoya emhlabeni wonke, iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngeminotho ethuthukayo, engathola izindleko ziwumthwalo. Inqubomgomo kulindeleke ukuthi ithinte ikakhulukazi imikhakha ye-supply chain futhi ingaholela emananini aphezulu omthengi wezimpahla ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nensimbi nosimende.

Umongo Wentela Ye-Carbon Border yase-EU

Intela ye-carbon, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), izolinganisa intengo yekhabhoni phakathi kwezimpahla zasekhaya neziphuma kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imigomo yesimo sezulu ye-EU ayiphazamiseki ngenxa yokuthuthela kwezimboni emazweni anezinqubomgomo ezixegayo. Intela izophinde ihlose ukukhuthaza izimboni ezingaphandle kwe-EU kanye nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ngendlela efanayo. I-CBAM iwucezu lomthetho olubalulekile oluzoba nomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe zokuhweba ngaphakathi kwe-EU nangaphandle. Indlela ye-CBAM izosebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo: Abathekelisi be-EU bazothenga izimvume zekhabhoni ezihambisana nenani lekhabhoni ebizokhokhwa ukube izimpahla bezikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-EU yamanani entengo yekhabhoni. Lolu hlelo luhambisana nemithetho ye-World Trade Organisation (WTO) kanye nezinye izibopho zamazwe ngamazwe ze-EU.

Intela yadalelwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuqiniseka okusemthethweni nokuzinza kumabhizinisi nezinye izizwe ngokungena kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Lolu hlelo luzoqale luhlanganise i-ayoni nensimbi, usimende, umanyolo, i-aluminium, kanye nokukhiqiza ugesi. Uma umkhiqizi ongeyena owe-EU engabonisa ukuthi useyikhokhile kakade ikhabhoni esetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni impahla engenisiwe, izindleko ezihambisanayo zingadonswa ngokugcwele kumkhiqizi we-EU. I-CBAM izophinde ikhuthaze abakhiqizi abangewona amalungu e-EU ukuthi bathuthukise izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Intela ihlelelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngokugcwele ngoJanuwari 2026. Abangenisi be-EU kanye nabakhiqizi abangebona abe-EU bezinto ezithintekayo kuzodingeka bakhokhe cishe u-USD $78 toni ngayinye ye-metric yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Lokhu kuzokhuphula ngokushesha izindleko zezinto ezikhiqizwa abakhiqizi abasebenzisa i-carbon eningi, njengeShayina, iRussia, neNdiya, ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-30. Futhi umthelela uzokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: isilinganiso sentela kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele cishe ku-USD $105 toni ngayinye ye-metric ngo-2030, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi cishe izofakwa ngaleso sikhathi. Njengomphumela, amabhizinisi adinga ukukala ukukhishwa kwawo kanye nokuchayeka kwentela yekhabhoni kuwo wonke amaketango awo okunikezwayo kanye nemigqa yomkhiqizo. Kumele futhi benze uhlelo lokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zidinga ukukhuluma nabathatha izinqumo be-EU mayelana nekusasa lenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu.

Nokho, ezinye izazi zezomnotho zikhathazekile ngokuthi lokhu kuzobiza kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Ngezisekelo ezibuthakathaka zezikhungo, ukunikeza ukudluliswa kwemali okwengeziwe futhi akukho okunye okungenakwenzeka ukuthi kuphumele ezinzuzweni zezomnotho noma zemvelo. Ukuqondanisa uhwebo, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinqubomgomo zasekhaya kuyimpendulo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu: okokuqala, yenza intela yekhabhoni ibe “ingathathi hlangothi” yeminotho esafufusa. Ezinye izintela zingancishiswa (i-tariff noma okungeyona intela), ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezihlanzekile, izimpahla, noma amabhizinisi. Okwesibili, yenza ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo butholakale emazweni omhlaba wesithathu. Ekugcineni, imigomo yasekhaya kufanele ihambisane ne-CBM ukuze wonke umuntu abe nethuba lokulwa lokuthobela.

Imithelela ebanzi ye-EU's Carbon Border Tax

Imithelela engaba khona ye-EU's Carbon Border Tax ingase ihlanganise: 

• Iminotho ethuthukayo edonsa kanzima ukukhokha intela yekhabhoni. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni amabhizinisi aphume emakethe yaseYurophu.
• Kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke njengoba izinkampani eziningi zihlela kabusha izinqubo zazo zokukhiqiza ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuneko zentela yekhabhoni.
• I-EU isebenzisa uxhaso namanye amasu okuvikela ukusekela umnotho osathuthuka ukuze ufinyelele imigomo yawo, okuhlanganisa nokwabelana ngobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile.
• Imikhakha ye-supply chain efana nezimoto, ezokwakha, zokupakisha, nezinto zikagesi iyona eshayeke kanzima. Le mikhakha izozabalaza ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo owengeziwe wokuphatha wokubala ukungcola ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo yayo.
• Imikhiqizo yabathengi esebenzisa insimbi, i-aluminium, nosimende izobiza kakhulu futhi ingakhangi kubasebenzisi bokugcina.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi intela ye-carbon ye-EU izothinta kanjani izimboni zomhlaba wonke?
• Izinkampani zingalungiselela kanjani ukuqaliswa ngokugcwele kwale ntela?