Izikhumulo zezindiza ezizenzakalelayo: Ingabe amarobhothi angakuphatha ukukhuphuka kwabagibeli emhlabeni wonke?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 17, 2023

Ngemuva komqedazwe we-COVID-2020 ka-19, abahambi emhlabeni wonke babheke ngabomvu kokujwayelekile okusha lapho uhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe luphinde lufinyeleleke kalula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okujwayelekile okusha kubandakanya izikhumulo zezindiza ezibhekene nomsebenzi oyinselele wokuphatha abagibeli abaningi ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho kuncishiswa nokusabalala kwezifo eziwubhadane ezizayo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela, obufana namakhioskhi wokuzihlola, imishini yokuthula imithwalo, nezinhlelo zokuhlonza i-biometric, kungase kudlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kahle izinqubo zesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabagibeli.

Izikhumulo zezindiza ezizenzakalelayo umongo

Ngokukhula okusheshayo kokuhamba ngendiza, izikhumulo zezindiza emhlabeni wonke zibhekene nenselele yokusingatha inani elandayo labagibeli. I-International Air Transport Association (IATA) ibikezela ukuthi isibalo sabahambi ngezindiza sizofinyelela ku-8.2 billion ngo-2037, nokukhula okuningi okulindeleke ukuthi kuvele e-Asia naseLatin America. Inkampani ezinze e-Singapore i-SATS Ltd iphinde ilinganisele ukuthi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, abantu base-Asia abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni abayi-1 bazobe beqala ukundiza, okunezela engcindezini evele iphakama ezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nalokhu kunyuka kwenani labagibeli.

Ukuze zihlale ziphambi komncintiswano, izikhumulo zezindiza zifuna ukuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zazo kanye nokwenza lula ukusebenza. Isibonelo esisodwa yiSikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe sase-Singapore, esitshale imali eningi kubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela ukuze kuphromothwe ukuzizwisa ngaphandle kokuthinta kanye nokuzisiza kubagibeli. Le mizamo ibe nezithelo ezinhle, njengoba isikhumulo sezindiza sigcine isihloko saso esithi "Isikhumulo Sezindiza Esingcono Kakhulu Emhlabeni" esivela enkampanini yabachwepheshe i-Skytrax iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ilandelana.

Ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza emhlabeni jikelele nazo zamukela i-automation ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye basebenzisa amarobhothi ukuhambisa nokucubungula abagibeli, imithwalo, impahla, ngisho namabhuloho ahamba ngendiza. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini sokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kodwa futhi yehlisa isidingo sokungenelela komuntu kanye nobungozi bokuthintwa ngokomzimba, okwenza isikhumulo sezindiza siphephe futhi sibe nenhlanzeko kakhudlwana kubagibeli enkathini yangemva kobhubhane. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela buguquka njalo, amathuba okuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwesikhumulo sezindiza abonakala engapheli.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela ezikhumulweni zezindiza kufeza izinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwethrafikhi nokonga ezindlekweni zokusebenza. Lezi zinzuzo zitholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo nemisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekuphatheni imithwalo nokucubungula abagibeli kuya ekuhlanzeni nasekunakekeleni. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Changi, izimoto ezizimele zidlulisa imithwalo isuka endizeni iye ku-carousel phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10 nje kuphela, okwehlisa kakhulu izikhathi zokulinda kubagibeli. Amabhuloho asesikhumulweni sezindiza aphinde asebenzise amalaser nezinzwa ukuze azimise kahle futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwabagibeli.

Kwezinye izikhumulo zezindiza, njengeSikhumulo 1 sase-Sydney, abagibeli bangakwazi ukusizakala ngezindawo zokuzisiza ukuze bathole izikhwama noma bahlole ukungena kwemithwalo, banciphise isidingo sokungenelela kwabantu. Izikhumulo zezindiza zase-US zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuskena ubuso ukuze zicubungule futhi zihlole abagibeli, okwenza inqubo isheshe futhi isebenze kahle. Ukuzenzakalela akukhawulelwe emisebenzini ebheke abagibeli, njengoba amarobhothi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza zesikhumulo sezindiza, njengokupakisha izinto ezisikiwe, ukuhlanza umata, neminye imisebenzi yokulungisa. Le ndlela iphinde ihlanganise amaqembu nemisebenzi, inciphise isidingo sabasebenzi abengeziwe.

ITheminali 4 ye-Changi (T4) iwubufakazi bamandla okuzenzakalela esikhumulweni sezindiza. Isikhungo esisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo sisebenzisa ama-bots, izikena zobuso, izinzwa, namakhamera kuyo yonke inqubo, kusukela emibhoshongweni yokulawula ukuya kuma-carousers emithwalo kuya ekuhlolweni kwabagibeli. Njengamanje isikhumulo sezindiza sifunda ebuchwephesheni be-T4 bokuzenzela ukuze kwakhiwe i-Terminal 5 (T5), eklanyelwe ukuba isikhumulo sezindiza sesibili sezwe futhi ithwale abagibeli abayizigidi ezingu-50 ngonyaka. 

Imithelela yezikhumulo zezindiza ezizenzakalelayo

Imithelela ebanzi yezikhumulo zezindiza ezizenzakalelayo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukungena okusheshayo nezinqubo zokuhlola ezingeke zisadinga abenzeli abangabantu, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa idatha esekelwe emafini ukuze kuqinisekiswe abagibeli nokulandelela ukunyakaza.
• Amafemu e-Cybersecurity athuthukisa ukuphepha kwedatha yendiza ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imibhoshongo yokulawula nezinye izinto ze-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) zivikelekile kubaduni.
• I-AI icubungula izigidigidi zomgibeli ngamunye nedatha yendiza ukuze ibikezele ukuminyana okungaba khona, ubungozi bokuphepha, nezimo zezulu, futhi ilungise ngokushesha imisebenzi ukuze kubhekwane nalawa maphethini.
• Ukulahleka kwemisebenzi okungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokungena, ukuphatha imithwalo, nokuphepha.
• Ukuncipha kwezikhathi zokulinda, ukukhuphuka kokugcina isikhathi kwendiza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kukonke, okuholela ekukhuleni komnotho okwengeziwe kanye nokuncintisana.
• Ukuphepha kwesikhumulo sezindiza kwenziwe ngcono ngokunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha abantu.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe, okuqhubekisela phambili imboni yezokundiza.
• Izindleko ezincishisiwe zezinkampani zezindiza nabagibeli, njengezintengo eziphansi zamathikithi, ngokukhuphuka kokusebenza kahle kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zokusebenza.
• Izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezihlobene nezabasebenzi nezohwebo, kanye nemithetho yezokuphepha.
• Ukukhishwa okuncane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwesikhumulo sezindiza esimeme kakhudlwana.
• Ukwanda kobungozi ekuhlulekeni kwezobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi ngenxa yokuthembela ngokweqile kwemboni yezokundiza kumasistimu azenzakalelayo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungathanda ukudlula esikhumulweni sezindiza esizenzakalelayo ugibela nokuhlola?
• Ucabanga ukuthi izikhumulo zezindiza ezizenzakalelayo zizoshintsha kanjani uhambo lomhlaba wonke?