Izikhumulo zezindiza ze-Biometric: Ingabe ukuqashelwa kobuso kuyi-ejenti entsha yokuhlola ngaphandle kokuthinta?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 10, 2023

Umqedazwe we-COVID-2020 wangowezi-19 ukwenze kwaphoqa ukuthi izinhlangano zithole izinsiza zokuthintwa ukuze zikhawulele ukusebenzisana ngokomzimba futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokudluliselwa. Izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zifaka ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso (i-FRT) ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuphathwa kwabagibeli. Lobu buchwepheshe busiza ukuhlonza abahambi ngokunembile, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda, nokuthuthukisa ulwazi oluphelele lwesikhumulo sezindiza kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha kwabagibeli nabasebenzi.

Izikhumulo zezindiza ze-biometric umongo

Ngo-2018, iDelta Air Lines yaqopha umlando ngokwethula itheminali yokuqala ye-biometric e-US esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International. Lobu buchwepheshe besimanje busekela abagibeli ezindizeni eziqondile eziya kunoma iyiphi indawo yamazwe ngamazwe ehlinzekwa yinkampani yezindiza ukuze bathole uhambo olungenazihibe nolungenakuthinta kusukela ngesikhathi befika esikhumulweni sezindiza. I-FRT isetshenziselwe izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene kule nqubo, okuhlanganisa ukuzihlola, ukushiya imithwalo, kanye nokuhlonza ezindaweni zokuhlola ze-TSA (Transportation Security Administration).

Ukuqaliswa kwe-FRT bekungokuzithandela futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi konge imizuzwana emibili ikhasimende ngalinye ngesikhathi ligibela, okubalulekile uma kucatshangelwa inani elikhulu labagibeli eziphathwa yizindiza nsuku zonke. Kusukela lapho, ubuchwepheshe besikhumulo sezindiza se-biometric buye batholakala kwezinye izikhumulo zezindiza ezimbalwa zase-US. I-TSA ihlela ukwenza izivivinyo zokuhlola ezweni lonke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuze iqoqe idatha eyengeziwe mayelana nokusebenza kahle nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe. Abagibeli abakhethe ukungena ekucubungulweni kokubonwa kobuso kudingeka ukuthi ubuso babo buskeniwe kumakhiosks anikezelwe, abese eqhathanisa izithombe nama-ID abo asemthethweni kahulumeni. 

Uma izithombe zifana, umgibeli angaqhubekela esinyathelweni esilandelayo ngaphandle kokuthi abonise ipasipoti yakhe noma ahlanganyele nomenzeli we-TSA. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukuvikeleka, njengoba inciphisa ingozi yokukhwabanisa kobunikazi. Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa okusabalele kwe-FRT kusethelwe ukuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi yokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi kubumfihlo bedatha.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

NgoMashi 2022, i-TSA yethula ubuhlakani bayo bakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-biometric, iCredential Authentication Technology (CAT), esikhumulweni sezindiza saseLos Angeles. Izinto zokusebenza zingathwebula izithombe futhi zizifanise nama-ID ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu nangokunembe kunamasistimu adlule. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo lokuhlola lukazwelonke, i-TSA ihlola ubuchwepheshe ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu eziyi-12 ezweni lonke.

Nakuba inqubo yokusebenzisa i-FRT isahlala ingeyokuzithandela okwamanje, amanye amaqembu amalungelo nochwepheshe bobumfihlo bedatha bakhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ibe isibopho esikhathini esizayo. Abanye abagibeli babike ukuthi abanikezwanga inketho yokudlulela kunqubo evamile, ehamba kancane yokuqinisekisa nge-ejenti ye-TSA. Le mibiko idale inkulumompikiswano phakathi kwabameleli bobumfihlo kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha, abanye bengabaza ukusebenza kahle kwe-FRT, uma kubhekwa ukuthi inhloso eyinhloko yezokuphepha zesikhumulo sezindiza iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oletha izinto eziyingozi emkhunjini.

Naphezu kokukhathazeka, i-ejensi ikholelwa ukuthi i-CAT izothuthukisa kakhulu inqubo. Ngokukwazi ukuhlonza abahambi esikhathini esingangemizuzwana, i-TSA izokwazi ukuphatha ithrafikhi yezinyawo kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzenzekelayo kwenqubo yokuhlonza kuzonciphisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi, kuqede isidingo sokuqinisekisa mathupha ubunikazi bomgibeli ngamunye.

Imithelela yezikhumulo zezindiza ze-biometric

Imithelela ebanzi yezikhumulo zezindiza ze-biometric ingafaka:

• Izikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba wonke zikwazi ukushintshanisa ulwazi lwabagibeli ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze zilandelele ukunyakaza kuzo zonke izikhumulo nezindiza.
• Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu acindezela ohulumeni babo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izithombe azigcinwa ngokungemthetho futhi zisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuqapha ezingahlobene.
• Ubuchwepheshe buyathuthuka ukuze abagibeli bakwazi ukuhamba ngesithwebuli esigcwele umzimba wonke ngaphandle kokudinga ukukhombisa omazisi babo namanye amadokhumenti, inqobo nje uma amarekhodi abo esasebenza.
• Ukuqalisa nokugcina izinhlelo ze-biometric zimba eqolo, okungaholela ekwenyukeni kwamanani amathikithi noma ukuncipha kwezimali kwezinye izinhlelo zesikhumulo sezindiza. 
• Imithelela engalingani kubantu abahlukahlukene, njengalabo asebekhulile, abakhubazekile, noma abavela emaqenjini athile amasiko noma ezizwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba amasistimu e-AI angaba nedatha yokuqeqeshwa echemile.
• Ukuqamba okusha kumasistimu angaxhunywanga nawokuzenzakalelayo.
• Abasebenzi baqeqeshwa kabusha ukuze baqaphe ubuchwepheshe obusha, obungase bubangele izindleko ezengeziwe ezikhumulweni zezindiza.
• Ukukhiqizwa, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo ze-biometric ezinomthelela kwezemvelo, njengokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukumosha kanye nokukhipha umoya. 
• Ubuchwepheshe be-biometric budala ubungozi obusha abadlali abanonya abangase babusebenzise.
• Ukwenyuka kokumiswa kwedatha ye-biometric emazweni wonke, okungahle kuqondise ukweqa imingcele kodwa futhi kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nokwabelana ngedatha nobumfihlo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungavuma ukwenza i-biometric onboarding kanye nokuhlolwa ezikhumulweni zezindiza?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokucutshungulwa kohambo ngaphandle kokuthinta?