Ukwelashwa komdlavuza osafufusa: Amasu athuthukile okulwa nesifo esibulalayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 9, 2023

Abacwaningi abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba basebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo nezinye izinto ezifana nesikhunta. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungenza imithi nemithi yokwelapha ithengeke kakhulu ibe nemiphumela emincane eyingozi.

Umongo wokwelapha umdlavuza osafufusa

Ngo-2021, Isibhedlela sase-Barcelona's Clínic sazuza izinga lokukhululwa ngamaphesenti angama-60 ezigulini ezinomdlavuza; Amaphesenti angu-75 eziguli awabonanga nqubekelaphambili kulesi sifo ngisho nangemva konyaka. Ukwelashwa kwe-ARI 0002h kusebenza ngokuthatha ama-T cell esiguli, awenze ngofuzo ukuze abone amangqamuzana omdlavuza kangcono, futhi awabuyisele emzimbeni wesiguli.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia Los Angeles (UCLA) nabo bakwazile ukwenza ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa amaseli e-T angaqondile ezigulini—kungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kweshalofu. Nakuba isayensi ingacacile ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba engazange awabhubhise lawa maseli e-T enziwe elebhu (aziwa ngokuthi amaseli e-HSC-iNKT), ukuhlolwa kumagundane afakwe imisebe kubonise izihloko zokuhlola zazingenalo isimila futhi zazikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila kwazo. Amaseli agcina izakhiwo zawo zokubulala isimila ngisho nangemva kokuba eqandisiwe futhi ancibilika, ebulala i-leukemia ephilayo, i-melanoma, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nowe-prostate, namaseli amaningi e-myeloma in vitro. Izilingo kusamele zenziwe kubantu.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Oxford University kanye nenkampani ye-biopharmaceutical i-NuCana yasebenza ukuthuthukisa i-NUC-7738-isidakamizwa esisebenza ngokuphindwe ka-40 kunesikhunta sabazali-Cordyceps Sinensis-ekuqedeni amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ikhemikhali etholakala kukhunta engumzali, evame ukusetshenziswa emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, ibulala amangqamuzana alwa nomdlavuza kodwa aphuka ngokushesha egazini. Ngokunamathisela amaqembu amakhemikhali abolayo ngemva kokufinyelela kumangqamuzana omdlavuza, isikhathi sokuphila sama-nucleosides ngaphakathi kwegazi siyandiswa.   

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha eziqhamukayo zomdlavuza ziphumelela ezivivinyweni zabantu, zingaba nemithelela eminingi yesikhathi eside engaba khona. Okokuqala, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda komdlavuza kanye namazinga okuxolelwa. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ku-T cell, isibonelo, zingaholela endleleni ephumelelayo neqondiswe yokulwa nomdlavuza ngokusebenzisa amasosha omzimba. Okwesibili, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingase futhi ziholele ekukhetheni okusha kokwelashwa kweziguli ebezikade zingasabeli ekwelashweni komdlavuza wendabuko. Ukwelashwa kwama-T-cell angaphandle kweshalofu, ngokwesibonelo, kungasetshenziselwa iziguli eziningi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza wazo.

Okwesithathu, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye namaseli e-T angekho eshalofini kulokhu kwelashwa kungase kuholele endleleni eqondene nawe yokwelashwa komdlavuza, lapho ukwelapha kungase kwenziwe ngendlela ethile yofuzo oluthile lomdlavuza wesiguli. Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa le mithi kungasiza futhi ukwehlisa izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza ngokunciphisa isidingo semizuliswano eminingi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali abizayo nemisebe. 

Ezinye zalezi zifundo nokwelashwa nazo zixhaswa ngemali esidlangalaleni, okungazenza zifinyeleleke kalula kubantu abangenazo izinkampani ezinkulu zekhemisi ezisebenza njengabalindisango bamanani. Ukwenyuswa kwezimali kulo mkhakha kuzokhuthaza ubambiswano olwengeziwe lwenyuvesi nesikhungo socwaningo ukuze kutholwe eminye imithombo yokwelapha umdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-body-in-a-chip.

Imithelela yokwelashwa komdlavuza osafufusa

Imithelela ebanzi yokwelashwa komdlavuza osafufusa ingase ihlanganise: 

• Kuthuthuke kakhulu izinga lokusinda nokukhululwa komdlavuza esikalini sabantu.
• I-prognosis iyashintsha ezigulini, ezinethuba elingcono lokululama.
• Ukusebenzisana okwengeziwe okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bososayensi nabacwaningi kwezemfundo ngezinsiza noxhaso lwamafemu e-biotech.
• Ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kulezi zindlela zokwelapha okuholela ekwenyukeni kwezimali kwamathuluzi okuhlela izakhi zofuzo njenge-CRISPR. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuholele ekwelashweni okusha okuklanyelwe ukwakheka kofuzo oluthile lomdlavuza wesiguli ngasinye.
• Ucwaningo olwengeziwe ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe nemithi yokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nama-microchips angashintsha ukusebenza kwamaseli ukuze azipholise.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi izici zokuziphatha okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kwenziwa lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zomdlavuza?
• Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaluthinta kanjani ucwaningo ngezinye izifo ezibulalayo?