Izinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali: Umjaho wokwenza idijithali kuzwelonke

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 8, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Izinhlelo zikazwelonke zobunikazi bedijithali ziya ngokuya zamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele, zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe, ukulethwa kwesevisi okuphumelelayo, nokunemba kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe. Nakuba zisiza ekuhlinzekeni ukufinyelela emhlabeni wonke ezinsizeni namalungelo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinganakiwe, izinselele ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhathazekeni kobumfihlo ziyaqhubeka. Lezi zinhlelo zinciphisa ukukhwabanisa futhi zithuthukise ukufinyelela kwamaqembu acwaswayo kodwa futhi ziphakamisa ubungozi bokusetshenziswa kabi nokugadwa. Amamodeli aphumelele njengaseJalimane nase-India agqamisa ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo ezivikelekile, ezisebenziseka kalula. Imithelela mikhulu, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlelekile, ukunciphisa ukukhwabanisa, nokusebenzisana okuqinile komkhakha kahulumeni nezizimele, okulingana nesidingo sokubeka izinto obala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha okunesibopho.

Umongo wohlelo lukamazisi wedijithali kazwelonke

Iqhaza eliyinhloko lama-ID edijithali ukwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukufinyelela amalungelo ayisisekelo, izinsizakalo, amathuba, nokuvikela. Ohulumeni bavamise ukusungula amasistimu okuhlonza asebenzayo ukuze aphathe ukuqinisekiswa nokugunyazwa kwemikhakha eyahlukene noma izimo zokusebenzisa, njengokuvota, intela, ukuvikelwa komphakathi, uhambo, njll. Amasistimu omazisi obudijithali, awaziwa nangokuthi izixazululo ze-ID yedijithali, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa ukuthwebula idatha, ukuqinisekiswa, ukugcinwa, nokudlulisa; ukuphathwa kokuqinisekisa; kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuwena. Nakuba igama elithi "ID yedijithali" ngezinye izikhathi lihunyushwa njengokusho okwenziwa ku-inthanethi noma okubonakalayo (isb., ngokungena ngemvume kuphothali ye-e-service), imininingwane enjalo ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlonza okuvikeleke kakhudlwana komuntu ongaphakathi komuntu (nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi).

IBhange Lomhlaba lilinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 abanazo izimpawu zobuzwe, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara naseNingizimu Asia. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba nemiphakathi esengozini kanye nohulumeni abangazinzile ngengqalasizinda ebuthaka kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Uhlelo lwe-ID yedijithali lungasiza lezi zifunda zibe zesimanjemanje futhi zibandakanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlonzwa okufanele nokusabalalisa izinzuzo nosizo, izinhlangano zingaqinisekiswa ukuthi wonke umuntu angathola usizo nokusekelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi amazwe afana ne-Estonia, i-Denmark, ne-Sweden ethole impumelelo enkulu ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zawo zomazisi bedijithali, amazwe amaningi athole imiphumela exubile, kanti amaningi asazabalaza ukuqalisa izigaba zokukhishwa. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuba ne-ID kazwelonke ukuthi ingasiza ekunciphiseni izenzo zokukhwabanisa. Isibonelo, uma othile ebengase azame ukubhalisela izinzuzo zomphakathi esebenzisa umazisi ongamanga, umazisi kazwelonke uzokwenza kube lula kuziphathimandla ukuthi ziqinisekise amarekhodi omuntu. Ukwengeza, omazisi kazwelonke bangasiza ekwenzeni ukulethwa kwezinsiza zomphakathi kube lula ngokunciphisa isidingo sokuqoqwa kwedatha engasanele. Ama-ejensi kahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele zingonga isikhathi nemali ebingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola isizinda ngokuba nomthombo owodwa wolwazi lukamazisi oluqinisekisiwe. Okunye okuhlomula ngomazisi bakazwelonke ukuthi bangasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza zamaqembu ancishwe amathuba. Isibonelo, abesifazane abakwazi ukuthola omazisi abasemthethweni njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa emazweni amaningi. Lo mkhawulo ungenza kube nzima ngalaba besifazane ukuthi bavule ama-akhawunti asebhange, bathole ukufinyelela esikweletu, noma babhalisele izinzuzo zomphakathi. Ukuba nomazisi kazwelonke kungasiza ekunqobeni lezi zithiyo futhi kunikeze abesifazane ukulawula okukhulu ezimpilweni zabo.

Kodwa-ke, ohulumeni kufanele bagxile ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze bakhe uhlelo oluphumelelayo lobunikazi bedijithali. Okokuqala, ohulumeni kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi isistimu yobunikazi bedijithali iyalingana naleyo esetshenziswayo njengamanje, kokubili ngokokusebenza nokuphepha. Kufanele futhi basebenzele ukuhlanganisa amacala amaningi okusetshenziswa komkhakha kahulumeni ngangokunokwenzeka ohlelweni futhi banikeze izikhuthazo zokutholwa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zemboni ezimele. Okokugcina, kufanele bagxile ekudaleni ulwazi oluhle lomsebenzisi, okwenza inqubo yokubhalisa ibe lula futhi ibe lula. Isibonelo i-Germany, eyamisa amaphuzu okubhalisa angu-50,000 ekhadini layo le-electronic ID futhi yanikeza ukucubungula imibhalo evumelana nezimo. Esinye isibonelo i-India, egibele abantu abangaphezu kwesigidigidi ohlelweni lwayo lwe-ID yedijithali ngokukhokhela izinkampani ezizimele ngohlelo ngalunye oluyimpumelelo lokubhalisa.

Imithelela yezinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali

Imithelela ebanzi yezinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukufinyelela okuqondile ezinhlelweni zezempilo zomhlaba wonke kanye nezenhlalakahle, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini abencishwe amathuba ahlala emazweni asathuthuka. 
• Ukuqedwa kwezenzo zokukhwabanisa ezifana nezakhamizi ezingasekho ezisafakwa ohlwini lokuvota kanye nezisebenzi eziyizipoki.
• Ubambiswano olwandisiwe phakathi kohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele ukuze kugqugquzelwe abantu ukuthi babhalise ezinhlelweni zikamazisi wedijithali (isb., izaphulelo ze-e-commerce).
• Ukusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona kolwazi olusesidlangalaleni ukuze kugadwe futhi kubhekiswe emaqenjini akhuluma ngokumelene nohulumeni bawo.
• Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu aphushela obala okwengeziwe ngokuthi ohulumeni bawo basebenzisa kanjani idatha ye-ID yedijithali.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ingabe ubhalisele uhlelo lukazwelonke lwe-ID yedijithali? Ungakuchaza kanjani ukuzizwisa kwakho ngayo uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu amadala?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi zokuba nama-ID edijithali?