Okuqondiswe ku-inthanethi okubalulekile kwengqalasizinda: Lapho izinsiza ezibalulekile zihlaselwa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 23, 2023

Ingqalasizinda ebucayi isiphenduke into ephambili ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi kobugebengu nokuxhaswa uhulumeni ngenxa yomthelela ongaba khona osabalele ukuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo okungaba nawo emphakathini noma embonini eqondiwe. Ukulahleka kukagesi, amanzi, nokuxhumana ku-inthanethi kungaholela esiphithiphithini njengoba amabhizinisi evalwa, futhi abantu balahlekelwe ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zomphakathi. Njengoba umhlaba uthembele kakhulu kumasevisi aku-inthanethi, abahlinzeki bengqalasizinda ebalulekile kumele baqinisekise ukuthi amasistimu abo avikeleke ngokwanele ukuze amelane nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuthuthukayo.

Ingqalasizinda ebalulekile iqondise umongo

Ukuhlaselwa kwengqalasizinda okubalulekile kwenzeka lapho abagebengu be-inthanethi behlasela lezi zinhlelo ukuze bakhubaze noma bavale imisebenzi. Idatha yekhasimende nolunye ulwazi olubucayi cishe njalo kwebiwa futhi kuyahwetshwa ukuze kuhlengwe. Elinye lamacala aphakeme kakhulu lenzeka ngoDisemba 2015, lapho abenzeli abanonya baseRussia bakhubaza izingxenye zegridi yamandla yase-Ukraine. Lesi sigameko sidale ukucisha kukagesi ezingxenyeni ezithile zezwe okuthathe amahora ambalwa. Esinye isibonelo ukuhlaselwa kwesofthiwe yokulungiselela intela i-NotPetya ngoJuni 2017, okwathinta izinhlangano emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa amabhange, amaphephandaba, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha imisebe eChernobyl. Impi yango-2022 eyaliwa iRussia ngokumelene ne-Ukraine ibangele ukuthi amawebhusayithi kahulumeni akhutshazwe futhi kwandise ukukhathazeka ngezinhlelo zokulawula izimboni.

Ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukuphathwa kwamanzi nemfucuza, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla konke kuyizibonelo zezimboni ezibalulekile nezinhlelo amabhizinisi nezakhamizi zansuku zonke ezithembele kuzo ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwemiphakathi yesimanje. Ziphinde zixhunywe ndawonye, ​​ngokuhlaselwa kwesevisi eyodwa ebalulekile okuthinta ngqo kwezinye. Isibonelo, lapho izinhlekelele zemvelo nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukhubaza amasistimu amanzi namanzi angcolile, zonke izifunda zingase zilahlekelwe ukufinyelela emanzini okuphuza aphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhedlela beziyoba nzima ukusebenza; amapayipi omlilo ngeke asebenze; futhi izikole, amahhovisi, izimboni, nezakhiwo zikahulumeni zizothinteka. Ukuphazamiseka okufanayo kweminye imikhakha yengqalasizinda ebalulekile, njengomkhakha wezamandla, kunemiphumela efanayo ye-domino.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izibonelo zakamuva zokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okubalulekile kwengqalasizinda ziba namandla ngokukhathazayo. Izinsongo zanda lapho ubhubhane luphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zithuthele ku-inthanethi, izinsiza ezisekelwe emafini. NgoMeyi 2021, ukuhlasela kwe-ransomware epayipini le-Colonial kwabangela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kume izinsuku eziyisithupha, okubangele ukushoda kukaphethiloli nezintengo eziphezulu empumalanga ye-US. NgoJuni 2021, omunye wabakhiqizi benyama abakhulu emhlabeni, i-JBS USA Holdings, Inc., naye wahlaselwa ukuhlasela kwe-ransomware, okwadala umonakalo eCanada, e-US, nase-Australia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Martha's Vineyard kanye ne-Nantucket Steamship Authority yahlaselwa ukuhlasela okufanayo okuholele ekuphazamisekeni nasekubambezelekeni kwesikebhe.

Izinto eziningi zenza ingqalasizinda ebucayi ibe sengozini yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi. Okokuqala, lezi zinhlelo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nenani elikhulayo lamadivayisi nokuxhumana. Okwesibili, ngokuvamile zibandakanya inhlanganisela yezinhlelo zefa ezingavikelekile, eziphelelwe yisikhathi nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha bungaxhunywa futhi busetshenziswe ngezindlela ezingavikelekile lezo abaklami bangempela bezinkundla zefa ababengeke bazicabange. Okwesithathu, abantu abaningi okungenzeka abazazi izingozi zokuphepha ezihlobene nomsebenzi wabo bavame ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ebalulekile. Okokugcina, lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile kunzima ukuziqonda nokuhlaziya, okwenza kube inselele ukukhomba izindawo ezibuthakathaka abahlaseli abangazisebenzisa. Ingqalasizinda ebalulekile idinga amathuluzi angcono nezindlela zokuhlonza izinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona kanye nokwazisa imizamo yokunciphisa lapho kwakhiwa amasistimu abalulekile. 

Imithelela ebanzi yezinhloso ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda

Imithelela engaba khona yezinhloso ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda ingase ihlanganise: 

• Abahlinzeki bengqalasizinda ababalulekile abatshala imali eningi kakhulu ezixazululweni ze-cybersecurity futhi basebenzisa amaswishi okubulala akude ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze bavikeleke ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi.
• Izigebengu ze-inthanethi nohulumeni bangaphandle bashintsha izinsiza ezengeziwe ekufundeni izinhlelo zengqalasizinda ezibalulekile kanye nokuthola ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi njengendawo yokungena.
• Amafemu nama-ejensi kahulumeni asebenzisa kakhulu izigebengu ezilungile nezinhlelo zenzuzo yeziphazamisi ukuze zihlonze ubungozi kumanethiwekhi azo engqalasizinda ahlukahlukene.
• Ohulumeni abagunyaza ama-ejensi kahulumeni kanye namafemu azimele anesibopho sengqalasizinda ebalulekile bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngezinyathelo zakamuva zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezinemininingwane yokusekela nokuqina. Abanye ohulumeni bangase baxhase kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-cybersecurity ezimbonini ezibalulekile.
• Izehlakalo ezikhulayo zokucisha ugesi, ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi, nezikhathi zokungasebenzi kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okubangelwa ukuhlasela okuphathekayo okuxhaswe nguhulumeni nange-inthanethi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ohulumeni bangazilungiselela kanjani kangcono ukuhlaselwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile?
• Uma unezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile noma izinto zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile, uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi amasistimu azo avikelekile?