I-Supercritical geothermal: Ukucofa isithando somlilo esivuthayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 19, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Amandla e-geothermal aphakeme kakhulu afuna ukusebenzisa ukushisa okudlulele okungaphansi komhlaba, enikeza enye indlela enamandla neqhubekayo emithonjeni yamandla evamile. Lobu buchwepheshe, nakuba buyinselele ngenxa yezimo eziqinile kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, bunamandla okwandisa kakhulu amandla aphuma emithonjeni ye-geothermal. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu ekuvikelekeni kwamandla, ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo, okuphawula ushintsho olubalulekile endleleni imiphakathi eyenza ngayo amandla.

I-Supercritical geothermal content

I-supercritical geothermal ingena ijula ​​oqweqweni Lomhlaba ukuze ibambe ukushisa okukhulu, okukhona emazingeni okushisa nezingcindezi ezingaphezu kwephuzu elibalulekile lapho amanzi engasatholakali njengoketshezi noma igesi kodwa njengoketshezi olungaphezu kwamandla. Le ndlela ithembisa ukuvula umngcele omusha kumandla we-geothermal ngokuthepha emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ashisa kakhulu kunalawo afinyelelwa amasistimu avamile we-geothermal. E-New Zealand, ucwaningo oluholwa yi-Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS) luhlose ukuxhaphaza lezi zinsiza ze-geothermal ezijulile nezishisa kakhulu, okungenzeka ziguqule umkhakha wamandla ngomthombo wamandla onamandla futhi ozinzile.

Ngokumba amakhilomitha afinyelela ku-6 ngaphansi komhlaba, ososayensi bangafinyelela amadamu anamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-400 degrees Celsius. Nakuba kuyinselele ngokobuchwepheshe ngenxa yezimo ezimbi kakhulu, lo mzamo ungase ukhulise ngokuphawulekayo isivuno samandla kusuka kumthamo ofanayo woketshezi olushisayo olukhishwe. I-Taupō Volcanic Zone eNew Zealand iyisibonelo esihle sendawo enamandla amakhulu okuhlola okunjalo, esekelwa i-Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE)'s Endeavor Fund. 

Imizamo yamazwe ngamazwe e-Japan, e-Italy, e-Iceland, nase-US nayo iyaqhubeka ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Nokho, inselele isasele ukunqoba izithiyo ezinkulu zobunjiniyela ezibangelwa izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokumba, ukwakhiwa kwemithombo, kanye nokuphathwa koketshezi olubaluleke kakhulu kubalulekile ukuze kubonakale amandla amakhulu e-geothermal. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba lezi zinhlelo sezifinyeleleka kakhudlwana futhi zisebenza kahle, amandla avuselelekayo angase aqhubeke esusa amafutha ezinsalela, ehlise ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi athuthukise ukuvikeleka kwamandla. Kubantu ngabanye, lokhu kungasho izintengo zamandla ezinzile futhi kuncishiswe izinyathelo zemvelo njengoba ukuthembela kumafutha angenisiwe kuncipha. Izinkampani zamandla zingase zidinge ukuzivumelanisa nalolu shintsho ngokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-geothermal, zichaze kabusha amamodeli ebhizinisi endabuko agxile ezintweni ezingavuseleleki.

Kohulumeni, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwamandla e-geothermal supercritical kunikeza ithuluzi lokuhlangabezana nezinhloso zesimo sezulu esifisayo. Izinhlaka zenqubomgomo kungase kudingeke ukuthi zithuthuke ukuze zisekele ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo ye-geothermal, okuhlanganisa nokugqugquzela ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuqinisekisa izinqubo ezihambisana nemvelo. Izifunda ezinamandla okushisa komhlaba zingabona ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, okuholela ekuvuselelweni komnotho wesifunda.

I-global energy landscape ingabona izinguquko ezinkulu njengoba amandla e-geothermal aphezulu kakhulu ekhula. Amazwe anemithombo ye-geothermal angaba abadlali abakhulu emakethe yamandla omhlaba, athumele ugesi kwamanye amazwe noma asebenzise amandla awo e-geothermal. Lokhu kushintshwa kungase kuholele ekunikezeni amandla emhlabeni wonke okuhlukahlukene futhi okuqinile, kunciphise ukuncika kuhlu oluncane lwemithombo yamandla kanye nokungezwani kwezepolitiki okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nakho. Njengoba ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-geothermal kuqinisa, intuthuko ehlanganyelwe yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zingasheshisa inguquko yomhlaba wonke ibe namandla avuselelekayo. 

Imithelela ye-supercritical geothermal

Imithelela ebanzi ye-supercritical geothermal ingase ihlanganise: 

• Amathuba emisebenzi emisha emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni i-geothermal, ukumba, nokusebenza kwesikhungo sikagesi.
• Ukushintsha kwezidingo zemakethe yezabasebenzi, okudinga amakhono amasha kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha kubasebenzi abasuka ezimbonini zikaphethiloli beya emikhakheni yamandla avuselelekayo.
• Ohulumeni abatshala imali kwingqalasizinda kanye nocwaningo ukuze basekele ukwanda kwamandla okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, okunomthelela ekwabiweni kwesabelomali kanye nezinqubomgomo zezezimali.
• Ukwenyuka kwentuthuko yendawo kanye nokukhula komnotho ezifundeni ezinamandla e-geothermal, okunomthelela ekuvuseleleni izindawo zasemakhaya kanye nokunciphisa ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni.
• Amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha emkhakheni wezamandla, agxile ekusimameni nasekuphathweni kwezinsiza zesikhathi eside kunenzuzo yesikhashana.
• Izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba kanye nemithethonqubo yokuhlela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezitshalo zamandla okushisa komhlaba nokuvikela izinsiza ze-geothermal.
• Ukushintsha kwe-geopolitical njengoba amazwe anezinsiza ezibalulekile ze-geothermal eba abadlali ababalulekile emakethe yamandla yomhlaba wonke.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Amandla okushisa aphakeme kakhulu angayiguqula kanjani indlela yomphakathi wakini ekusimameni nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho?
• Abantu ngabanye kanye nohulumeni basekhaya bangasebenzisana kanjani ukuze basekele ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba kuyilapho kulondolozwa imvelo?