Ukwesabeka kobuchwepheshe: Ukwethuka kobuchwepheshe obungapheli

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 13, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Umthelela ongokomlando wobuchwepheshe ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwabantu ube mkhulu, nezingozi ezingaba khona ngokuvamile eziqhuba izingxabano zomphakathi. Le phethini yokubangela ukwesaba ngobuchwepheshe obusha iphumela egagasini lokwethuka kokuziphatha, uxhaso olusekelwe kwezombusazwe lokucwaninga, kanye nokusakazwa kwemidiya okuvusa inkanuko. Khonamanjalo, imiphumela yomhlaba wangempela iyavela, njengoba kubonakala emizamweni yokuvimbela amathuluzi e-AI njenge-ChatGPT ezikoleni nasemazweni, okungenzeka kuphumele ekusetshenzisweni okungekho emthethweni, okuvimbele ukuqamba okusha, nokwanda kokukhathazeka komphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe obudala ukwesaba

Ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke umlando kuye kwayiqinisa kakhulu inqubekelaphambili yomuntu, okwakamuva kube ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI). Ikakhulukazi, i-AI ekhiqizayo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kwikusasa lethu, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ubungozi obungaba khona. UMelvin Kranzberg, isazi-mlando esidumile saseMelika, unikeze imithetho eyisithupha yezobuchwepheshe echaza ukusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi komphakathi nobuchwepheshe. Umthetho wakhe wokuqala ugcizelela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abubuhle futhi abubi; imiphumela yawo inqunywa izinqumo zomuntu kanye nesimo somphakathi. 

Intuthuko esheshayo ku-AI, ikakhulukazi i-artificial general intelligence (AGI), idala izindlela ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zenzakalo zidala izinkulumo-mpikiswano, abanye ochwepheshe bengabaza izinga lokuthuthuka kwe-AI futhi abanye begqamisa izinsongo zomphakathi ezingaba khona. Lokhu kuthambekela kuye kwaholela emaqhingeni avamile abangela ukwesaba afika nobuchwepheshe obusha, ngokuvamile abangela ukwesaba okungenabufakazi balezi zinto ezintsha ezingase zibe nemiphumela empucukweni yomuntu.

Ophothule eNyuvesi yase-Oxford kwezokuhlolwa kwengqondo, u-Amy Orben, udale umqondo wezigaba ezine obizwa ngokuthi i-Sisyphean Cycle of Technological Anxiety ukuze achaze ukuthi kungani kwenzeka ukwesaba kobuchwepheshe. USisyphus ungumlingiswa ovela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki owadalelwa ukuthi asunduze idwala ethambekeni unomphela, ukuze lihlehle lihlehle, limphoqelele ukuthi aphinde le nqubo ngokungapheli. 

Ngokuka-Orben, umugqa wesikhathi wokwethuka kobuchwepheshe umi kanje: Kuvela ubuchwepheshe obusha, bese osopolitiki bengenela ukuze babangele ukwethuka kwesimilo. Abacwaningi baqala ukugxila kulezi zihloko ukuze bathole izimali kulaba bosopolitiki. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuba abacwaningi beshicilele abakutholile ocwaningweni olude, abezindaba bakhava le miphumela evame ukuheheka. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Kakade, i-AI ekhiqizayo ibhekene nokucutshungulwa kanye "nezinyathelo zokuvimbela." Isibonelo, amanethiwekhi ezikole zomphakathi e-US, njenge-New York ne-Los Angeles, avinjelwe ukusebenzisa i-ChatGPT emagcekeni abo. Kodwa-ke, i-athikili ku-MIT Technology Review ithi ukuvinjelwa kobuchwepheshe kungase kuphumele emiphumeleni eminingi engemihle, njengokukhuthaza abafundi ukuthi babusebenzise ngokungekho emthethweni. Ukwengeza, ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kungase kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-AI esikhundleni sokukhuthaza izingxoxo ezivulekile mayelana nezinzuzo nemikhawulo yayo.

Amazwe nawo aqala ukukhawulela i-AI ekhiqizayo kakhulu. I-Italy yaba yizwe lokuqala laseNtshonalanga ukuvala i-ChatGPT ngoMashi 2023 ngenxa yezinkinga zobumfihlo bedatha. Ngemuva kokuthi i-OpenAI ikhulume nalezi zinkinga, uhulumeni wasusa ukuvinjelwa ngo-Ephreli. Nokho, isibonelo sase-Italy savusa isithakazelo phakathi kwabanye abalawuli baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi kumongo we-European Union (EU)'s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Kakade, i-Ireland ne-France zisaqhubeka nokuphenya inqubomgomo yedatha ye-ChatGPT.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwesaba kwe-AI kungase kudlondlobale kwabezindaba, lapho ukulandisa kwe-AI kuxosha izigidi zemisebenzi, kwakha isiko labantu abacabangayo abavilaphayo, nokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqamba amanga kanye nenkulumo-ze isivele izwakala ngokugcwele. Nakuba lokhu kukhathazeka kunokufaneleka, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe busesebusha, futhi akekho ongaba nesiqiniseko sokuthi ngeke buguquke ukuze bumelane nalezi zindlela. Isibonelo, i-World Economic Forum ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2025, imishini ingase ithathe indawo yemisebenzi engaba yizigidi ezingu-85; nokho-ke, bangaphinda bakhiqize izikhundla ezintsha eziyizigidi ezingama-97 ezifaneleke kangcono ukusebenzelana okuvelayo phakathi kwabantu nemishini.

Imithelela yokwesatshwa kobuchwepheshe

Imithelela ebanzi yokwesatshwa kobuchwepheshe ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwenyuka ukungathembani nokukhathazeka ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, okungase kubangele ukungabaza ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
• Kuvinjwe ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuqanjwa okusha ngokudala indawo lapho osomabhizinisi, abatshalizimali, namabhizinisi bengasenamathuba amancane okuthi baphishekele amabhizinisi amasha ezobuchwepheshe ngenxa yezingozi ezicatshangwayo.
• Osopolitiki abasebenzisa ukwesaba okusesidlangalaleni ukuze bazuze kwezombusazwe, okuholela emigomeni evimbelayo, ekulawuleni ngokweqile, noma ekuvinjweni kobuchwepheshe obuthile, okungase kuvimbele ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha.
• Ukwehlukana kwedijithali okunwebekayo phakathi kwamaqembu abantu abahlukahlukene. Izizukulwane ezincane, ngokuvamile ezinolwazi olunzulu ngobuchwepheshe, zingase zibe nokufinyelela okukhulu nokuqonda ubuchwepheshe obusha, kuyilapho izizukulwane ezindala zingase zisale ngemuva. 
• Ukuma kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwempumelelo kanye nentuthuko ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezokuthutha, namandla avuselelekayo. 
• Ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa yokuzenzakalela okuvimbela ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle futhi obunobungani nemvelo, ukwandisa ukuncika ezimbonini zendabuko, ezingasimeme kakhulu. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukuphumelela kwazo kanye nokuqamba okusha akukhuthazi ukwesaba?