Ukufunda/ubunjiniyela ngokushesha: Ukufunda ukukhuluma ne-AI

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 11, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha kuguqula ukufunda komshini (ML), okuvumela amamodeli olimi amakhulu (ama-LLM) ukuthi azivumelanise nezimo ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kabusha okubanzi ngemiyalo eklanywe ngokucophelela. Lokhu okuqanjwa kabusha kuthuthukisa isevisi yamakhasimende, kwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kukhuthaze amathuba emisebenzi yobunjiniyela obusheshayo. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalobu buchwepheshe ingabandakanya ohulumeni ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zomphakathi kanye nokuxhumana, kanye namabhizinisi ashintshela kumasu azenzakalelayo.

Umongo wokufunda/wobunjiniyela osheshayo

Ukufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha kuvele njengesu elishintsha umdlalo ekufundeni komshini (ML). Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko, ivumela amamodeli ezilimi amakhulu (LLMs) njenge-GPT-4 ne-BERT ukuthi azivumelanise nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kabusha okubanzi. Le ndlela ifinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa iziqondiso ezenziwe ngokucophelela, ezibalulekile ekudluliseleni ulwazi lwesizinda kumodeli. Ikhwalithi yokwaziswa ithonya kakhulu okukhiphayo kwemodeli, okwenza ubunjiniyela obusheshayo bube yikhono elibalulekile. Inhlolovo kaMcKinsey yango-2023 ku-AI iveza ukuthi izinhlangano zilungisa amasu azo okuqasha ezinhlosweni ze-AI ezikhiqizayo, nokwanda okuphawulekayo kokuqasha onjiniyela abasheshayo (7% wabaphenduli abamukela i-AI).

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha ilele ekhonweni layo lokusiza amabhizinisi angakwazi ukufinyelela amanani amakhulu edatha enelebula noma asebenza ezizindeni ezinokutholakala kwedatha elinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, inselele isekuklameni imiyalelo esebenzayo eyenza imodeli eyodwa iphumelele emisebenzini eminingi. Ukwakha lezi ziqondiso kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwesakhiwo kanye ne-syntax nokucwengwa okuphindaphindwayo.

Kumongo we-OpenAI's ChatGPT, ukufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha kuyasiza ekukhiqizeni izimpendulo ezinembile nezihambisana komongo. Ngokunikeza imiyalo eyakhiwe ngokucophelela kanye nokucwenga imodeli ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni komuntu, i-ChatGPT ingabhekana nezinhlobonhlobo zemibuzo, kusukela kokulula kuye kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Le ndlela inciphisa isidingo sokubuyekeza mathupha kanye nokuhlela, konga isikhathi esibalulekile nomzamo wokuzuza imiphumela efiselekayo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba ubunjiniyela obusheshayo buqhubeka nokuvela, abantu bazozithola sebesebenzisana nezinhlelo ezinikwe amandla yi-AI ezihlinzeka ngezimpendulo ezifanele kakhulu ngokomongo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuthuthukise isevisi yamakhasimende, okuqukethwe komuntu siqu, kanye nokubuyiswa kolwazi okuphumelelayo. Njengoba abantu ngokuya bethembela ekusebenzelaneni okuqhutshwa yi-AI, bangase badinge ukuqonda okwengeziwe ekwenzeni ukwaziswa ukuze bathole imiphumela efiselekayo, bathuthukise amakhono abo okuxhumana ngedijithali.

Ezinkampanini, ukwamukela ukufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha kungaholela ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu ezicini ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kwebhizinisi. Ama-chatbot anamandla e-AI nabasizi ababonakalayo bazoba nekhono ngokwengeziwe ekuqondeni imibuzo yamakhasimende, benze lula ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende nokuzibandakanya. Ukwengeza, ubunjiniyela obusheshayo bungasetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware, ukwenza imisebenzi yokubhala amakhodi ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokunciphisa umzamo owenziwa ngesandla. Izinkampani zingase zidinge ukutshala imali ekuqeqesheni onjiniyela ukuze basebenzise amandla aphelele alobu buchwepheshe, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi bavumelanise amasu abo namakhono athuthukayo wezinhlelo ezikhiqizayo ze-AI.

Ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni, umthelela wesikhathi eside wokufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha ungabonakala ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisiwe zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi. Ama-ejensi kahulumeni angase asebenzise amasistimu e-AI ukucubungula idatha enkulu futhi anikeze imininingwane enembe kakhudlwana nezincomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-AI ithuthuka ngokufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha, ohulumeni bangadinga ukutshala imali emfundweni ye-AI nokucwaninga ukuze bahlale bephambili kulobu buchwepheshe. 

Imithelela yokufunda ngokushesha/ubunjiniyela

Imithelela ebanzi yokufunda/ubunjiniyela ngokushesha ingafaka: 

• Isidingo sonjiniyela abasheshayo sikhuphuka, sidala amathuba amasha emisebenzi emkhakheni kanye nokukhuthaza ubungcweti bokwenza iziyalezo ezisebenzayo zezinhlelo ze-AI.
• Ukufunda okusekelwe ngokushesha okuvumela amasistimu okunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi acubungule idatha yezokwelapha ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, okuholela ezincomweni zokwelashwa ezingcono kanye nemiphumela yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Izinkampani zishintshela kumasu aqhutshwa yidatha, zithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukumaketha, nokuzibandakanya kwamakhasimende ngobunjiniyela obusheshayo, okungase kuphazamise amamodeli ebhizinisi endabuko.
• Ohulumeni abasebenzisa amasistimu aqhutshwa yi-AI, adalwe ngobunjiniyela obusheshayo, ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphendulayo nokuqondene nomuntu uqobo nezakhamizi, okungase kuholele ekubambeni iqhaza okukhulu kwezepolitiki.
• Izinhlangano nohulumeni abasebenzisa ubunjiniyela obusheshayo ukuqinisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, okusiza ukuvikela idatha ebucayi nengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
• Ubunjiniyela obusheshayo busiza ukuhlaziya nokubika ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokufika ngesikhathi kwemininingwane yezezimali yamabhizinisi nabatshalizimali.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungabusebenzisa kanjani ubunjiniyela obusheshayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwakho nezinhlelo ze-AI empilweni yansuku zonke?
• Yimaphi amathuba emisebenzi angase avele kubunjiniyela obusheshayo, futhi ungawalungiselela kanjani?