Ukugwema ukuncika ngezikhali: Izinto ezingavuthiwe igolide elisha

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• September 5, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Izizwe namabhizinisi balwela ukuzivikela ekuncikeni ngokweqile ekuthengisweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Imikhawulo yezohwebo phakathi kwe-US-China kanye nokungqubuzana kwe-Russia-Ukraine kuveze ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ukuthembela kulokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokuthi lezi zivumelwano zingaba ntekenteke kangakanani. Ohulumeni bangase badinge ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kwezinsiza futhi batshale izimali ezimbonini zasekhaya noma bakhe ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bavikele ukufinyelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile.

Ukugwema umongo wokuncika onezikhali

Emuva kokunyuka kwezingxabano zezwe kanye nezikhali zezinsiza, izizwe namabhizinisi bafuna ngokuphuthumayo ezinye izindlela zokuzimela. Imikhawulo yokuhweba ngobuchwepheshe base-US-China ikhuthaza i-China ukuthi iqinise izimboni zayo zasekhaya, kodwa lokhu kuhlola kungase kubangele izinselelo ezinkulu emnothweni wayo oncike kubasebenzi njengeziqhwaga zomhlaba ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-Apple ne-Google kuya eNdiya naseVietnam. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungqubuzana kwe-Russia-Ukraine kwembule ukuthembela okukhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-Russia kwezinto zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile njenge-aluminium ne-nickel, okuholele ingxabano yomhlaba wonke ngemithombo yasendaweni. 

Khonamanjalo, ngo-2022, iKhomishini YaseYurophu yembula isiphakamiso somthetho, i-Critical Raw Material Act, ukubhekana nokuthembela okukhulayo kwe-China ngezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqinisa amaketanga okuhlinzeka aqinile. Njengoba umhlaba ubhekela ezixazululweni eziluhlaza kanye nezedijithali, isidingo sezinto ezingavuthiwe ezibalulekile kubikezelwa ukuthi sizokhula kakhulu. IKhomishana ilindele ukwanda okuphindwe kahlanu kwesidingo ngo-2030. Ngokunjalo, ukuqagela kweBhange Lomhlaba kuhambisana nalo mkhuba, kubikezela ukwanda kwesidingo somhlaba okuphindwe kahlanu ngo-2050.

Izixazululo ezintsha, ezifana nezimayini zasolwandle kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yezimboni, ziyacutshungulwa, amafemu afana ne-Anactisis ehola phambili ekuguquleni imfucuza ibe yizici ezibalulekile njenge-scandium. I-Executive Order 14107 kaMongameli uJoe Biden ikhombisa lolu shintsho olubheke ekuvikelekeni kwezinsiza, okugunyaza ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuncika kwe-US emazweni aphikisanayo ukuthola izimbiwa ezibalulekile. Njengoba uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba lushintsha, amazwe afana neMexico avela njengabalingani abathembisayo, abakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Abathengi bangase babe nezinguquko ezindlekweni nasekutholakaleni kwezinto zikagesi, izimoto zikagesi (EV), nezixazululo zamandla aluhlaza. Le mikhiqizo, ehlangene nokuhlangana kwedijithali-okuluhlaza, ithembele kakhulu ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, nezinto zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Noma yikuphi ukuntengantenga kokuhlinzekwa kwazo kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwentengo noma ekushodeni kokuhlinzeka. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoTesla, abathembele kakhulu kulezi zinto zokukhiqiza i-EV, bangadinga ukuthi bacabange kabusha amasu abo ochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, basungule izindlela ezintsha zokuthola lezi zinto noma ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela.

Izinkampani zingabhekana nokuphazamiseka emaketangeni azo okuhlinzeka ngempahla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ezikhuphukayo. Nokho, lokhu kungase futhi kukhuthaze ukuqanjwa kabusha. Isibonelo, i-Noveon Magnetics yase-Texas igaya kabusha omazibuthe bomhlaba abayivelakancane kusukela kuzinto zikagesi ezilahliwe, ihlinzeka ngenye indlela evumelana nemvelo futhi engase izinze kakhudlwana kunempahla emisha yezimayini. Ngokufanayo, lokhu kushintsha kokunikezwayo kungabhebhethekisa ukukhula ezimbonini ezifana nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, okuholela ekukhuleni kocwaningo nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinye izindlela zokwenziwa.

Kohulumeni, isidingo esikhulayo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka kwensiza, okudinga amasu aqinile okugcina amaketango okunikezelayo azinzile, ezimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Ohulumeni kungase kudingeke ukuthi batshale imali ethe xaxa ezimbonini zezimayini zasekhaya noma bakhe ubudlelwano obusha bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze baqinisekise ukufinyelela kulezi zinsiza. Isibonelo isivumelwano sikahulumeni wase-Australia ne-US ngo-2019 sokumba imayini ngokuhlanganyela kanye nokuthuthukisa izici zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwesidingo kungase kukhuthaze izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kanye nomnotho oyindilinga, kunciphise ukuncika emithonjeni yangaphandle.

Imithelela yokugwema ukuncika ngezikhali

Imithelela ebanzi yokugwema ukuncika ngezikhali ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwandisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi kanye nobushoshovu mayelana nokutholakala okunomthwalo wemfanelo kanye namaketango okuhlinzeka ngokuziphatha, okunomthelela ekuthengeni kwabathengi kanye nokuthandwayo.
• Ukukhula komnotho kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emazweni anendathane yemithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile, okuholela ekuveleni kwemithombo emisha yezomnotho kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla omhlaba.
• Ohulumeni ababhekene nokuncintisana okuqinile kanye nokungezwani kwezombusazwe mayelana nokufinyelela nokulawula izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile, okuholela kumifelandawonye yamasu, izingxabano, noma izingxoxo ezilolonga ipolitiki yomhlaba wonke kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe.
• Isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono ezimbonini zezimayini, zokugaywa kabusha, nezisetshenziswa zesayensi eziqhuba amashifu ezibalo zabantu, njengoba abasebenzi befudukela ezifundeni ezinamathuba emisebenzi kule mikhakha.
• Amathuba emisebenzi ezimayini, ekusetshenzisweni kabusha, nasekukhiqizeni izinto ezithuthukisiwe, kuyilapho izisebenzi ezimbonini ezithembele kakhulu ezinsizeni ezingavuseleleki zingase zisuswe.
• Ukugxila okwengeziwe ezinkambisweni zezimayini ezingayingeni imvelo, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza, kanye namamodeli omnotho oyindilinga, ukukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezinqubo zokumbiwa nokukhiqiza.
• Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile emhlabeni wonke kwenza kube kubi ukungalingani kwezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe afinyelela izinsiza eziningi kanye nalawo ancike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.
• Isidingo samaketanga okuhlinzeka avikelekile futhi ahlukahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ezikhuthaza ukubambisana okukhulayo nokusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, amabhizinisi, nezikhungo zocwaningo, ukukhuthaza ukwabelana ngolwazi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nemizamo eyiqoqo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi izinqubomgomo uhulumeni wakho azenzile ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwamanye amazwe ukuze uthole izinto zokusetshenziswa?
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kwezinto ezibalulekile?