I-Blockchain ekuphathweni komhlaba: Ibheke ekuphathweni komhlaba okusobala

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 5, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Izinhlelo zomthetho zivame ukubhekana nezingxabano eziningi ezihlobene nobunikazi bomhlaba, izinhlangano ezizisingatha ngokuqinisekisa izikweletu ezicacile kanye nokukhipha izitifiketi zamatayitela. Ngeshwa, uhlelo olukhohlakele lungase luholele ekwenziweni komgunyathi kanye nokuphinda imibhalo yendawo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain bunganciphisa lezi zinkinga futhi bunciphise isidingo sabantu besithathu abathembekile, njengabaqaphi, amabhange, nama-ejensi kahulumeni.

I-Blockchain kumongo wokuphathwa komhlaba

Ukuphathwa kokubhaliswa komhlaba kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphathwa komhlaba, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwerekhodi lamalungelo (ROR) ngokuhlolwa, ukudwetshwa kwebalazwe lendawo, ukubhalisa amatayitela ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, nokugcina amarekhodi ahlukahlukene ahlobene nomhlaba. Inkinga enkulu ngohlelo lwamanje ukuhlukaniswa kolwazi eminyangweni eminingi kahulumeni ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa, okuvumela abantu abanomgunyathi ukuthi baguqule amadokhumenti omthetho. I-Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), efana ne-blockchain, ibhekana nale nkinga ngokwenza kube nzima kakhulu kunoma iyiphi i-node noma iqembu lama-node ukukhohlisa ulwazi.

Ama-ejensi amaningi kahulumeni asebenzise izinhlelo zawo zokuphatha umhlaba ezisekelwe ku-blockchain. Isibonelo, i-Lantmäteriet, isibhalisi somhlaba sase-Sweden, saqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain ekubhalisweni komhlaba nezakhiwo ngo-2017. Kusukela ngo-2016, ukubhaliswa komhlaba wase-Swedish kutshale imali ngokuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-blockchain futhi kwakhiwe iplathifomu yobufakazi bomqondo esekelwe ku-blockchain. 

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uMnyango Wezomhlaba wase-Dubai (i-DLD) uphinde wethula 'Isu le-Dubai Blockchain Strategy' ngo-2017. Uhlelo lwe-blockchain lusebenzisa i-database ehlakaniphile, evikelekile ukugcina zonke izinkontileka zezakhiwo, kuhlanganise nokubhaliswa kokuqashisa, ngenkathi kuzixhuma ku-Dubai Electricity & Water Authority ( DEWA), uhlelo lwezokuxhumana, nezinye izikweletu ezihlobene nezakhiwo. Le nkundla ye-elekthronikhi ihlanganisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu lesiqashi, njenge-Emirates Identity Cards kanye nokufaneleka kwe-visa yokuhlala. Iphinde ivumele abaqashi ukuthi benze izinkokhelo ze-elekthronikhi ngaphandle kokudinga amasheke noma imibhalo ephrintiwe. Yonke inqubo ingaqedwa emizuzwini embalwa ukusuka noma kuphi emhlabeni, kuqedwe isidingo sokuvakashela ihhovisi likahulumeni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuqonda okubalulekile kwembulwe ucwaningo lwango-2022 lwe-Jazan University (Saudi Arabia) ngesimo samanje nezidingo zokubhaliswa komhlaba mayelana ne-blockchain. Ukuze ufinyelele kusizindalwazi se-blockchain, umnikazi wendawo ngokuvamile uphatha ukhiye oyimfihlo esikhwameni se-inthanethi esivikelekile. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zingavela uma ukhiye oyimfihlo womsebenzisi noma isikhwama semali silahleka, sintshontshwa, sibekwe endaweni engafanele, noma iphazanyiswe inkampani yangaphandle. Isixazululo esingaba khona ukusebenzisa izikhwama zesiginesha eziningi ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa kusuka enanini elincane lokhiye ngaphambi kokuthi kuqedwe okwenziwayo. Esinye isisombululo uhlelo oluyimfihlo lwe-blockchain oluvumela umbhalisi noma ummeli olungisa izivumelwano ukuthi asayine emsebenzini.

Imvelo yokuhlukaniswa kwama-blockchains womphakathi isho ukuthi umthamo wokugcina unqunyelwe kuphela amakhompyutha enethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe. Amarejistri adinga ukugcina amatayitela, amagama, amamephu, izinhlelo, namanye amadokhumenti, kodwa ama-blockchains asesidlangalaleni awakwazi ukubamba idatha eningi ngokweqile. Isixazululo esisodwa ukugcina amarekhodi kuseva ezinikezele futhi ulayishe ama-hashes afanelekile ku-blockchain. Uma kudingeka irekhodi ledatha elisekelwe ku-blockchain esikhundleni sama-hashes ahlobene, okubhaliswa kungasebenzisa i-blockchain yangasese ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokugcinwa kwedatha ezidingeka kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, inselelo engaba khona ekusetshenzisweni kwe-blockchain ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izidingo ze-hardware zinkulu. Kungase kube nzima ngezikhungo eziningi zikahulumeni ukusingatha lezi zibopho ezengeziwe. Nakuba amaseva engase aqashwe futhi isofthiwe ihlinzekwe ngesisekelo senkontileka, iziphathimandla zokubhalisa zisazodinga ukubhekana nezindleko eziqhubekayo zokusebenzisa ochwepheshe benethiwekhi. Izindleko zokunakekelwa kwenethiwekhi nokuxazulula izinkinga zizodluliselwa kubahlinzeki besevisi be-blockchain.

Imiphumela ye-blockchain ekuphathweni komhlaba

Imithelela ebanzi ye-blockchain ekuphathweni komhlaba ingabandakanya: 

• Uhlelo olusobala, oluvumela ukufinyelela komphakathi kumarekhodi omhlaba kanye nokuthengiselana, kanye nokunciphisa imikhuba yokukhwabanisa ekuphathweni komhlaba.
• Izinqubo zokubhalisa nokudluliswa komhlaba ezilula ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wezandla, ukwehlisa izikhathi zokuthengiselana, nokunciphisa amaphutha. 
• Imvelo yobuchwepheshe ehlukaniselwe izwe futhi ivikelekile enciphisa izingxabano futhi ivikela amarekhodi omhlaba ekugetshengwani, ekukhwabaniseni, nasekukhwabaniseni.
• Ngohlelo lokuphatha umhlaba olusobala, oluvikelekile, nolusebenzayo, abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe bangase bazizwe beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngokutshala imali ezweni, okuholela ekwandeni kwemali engenayo kanye nokukhula komnotho.
• Ukwenziwa kwamathokheni omhlaba okuvumela ubunikazi bengxenye kanye namathuba okutshala imali afinyeleleka kalula. Lesi sici singenza ubunikazi bomhlaba ngentando yeningi futhi siholele ekusabalaliseni ingcebo ngokulinganayo.
• Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile eziphoqelela izinqubomgomo ezisimeme zokusetshenziswa komhlaba, eziqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi bomhlaba banamathela emithethweni yezemvelo kanye nokuba negalelo ekuphathweni okungcono kwezinsiza nasekulondolozweni kwemvelo yesikhathi eside.
• Ukushintshela ezinhlelweni zokuphatha umhlaba ezisekelwe ku-blockchain ezidinga abasebenzi baphinde baqeqeshelwe amakhono, okudala isidingo sochwepheshe abane-blockchain nobungcweti bezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile.
• Izibalo zabantu abasha nabahlukahlukene abangena emakethe yemizi, okungenzeka kuguqule ukusetshenziswa komhlaba namaphethini wokuhlela amadolobha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma usebenza kwezokuphatha/zokuphatha umhlaba, ngabe i-ejensi yakho isebenzisa noma ihlela ukusebenzisa i-blockchain?
• I-blockchain ingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi konke ukuthengiselana komhlaba kunembile?