Ocean fertilization can scientists use ocean absorb harmful greenhouse gases

IMAGE CREDIT:

iStock

Ocean fertilization: Can scientists use the ocean to absorb harmful greenhouse gases?

Fertilizing the ocean with nutrients is a controversial idea that has divided scientists for decades.

Author:
Author name
Quantumrun Foresight
November 11, 2021

Ocean fertilization, a proposed method to combat climate change by stimulating phytoplankton growth in the ocean, has sparked a lively debate among scientists due to its uncertain potential and possible side effects. While some experts see it as a promising tool, concerns about disrupting marine ecosystems and creating "dead zones" have led to a ban on such practices. The ongoing discussion underscores the need for further research, careful consideration of all potential impacts, and a balanced view of its long-term implications.

Ocean fertilization context

Ocean fertilization involves adding nutrients to the ocean to stimulate phytoplankton growth and thus increase carbon dioxide absorption. While the theory behind this approach is sound, its practical application and potential impact are less certain. For instance, in February 2020, a series of experiments were conducted to assess the benefits of iron fertilization, a specific type of ocean fertilization. The results of these studies cast doubt on the efficacy of this method, suggesting that the benefits may not be as significant as previously thought.

Moreover, the potential side effects of ocean fertilization on marine ecosystems have raised serious concerns among the scientific community. One theory suggests that the process could lead to the creation of deoxygenated "dead zones," areas in the ocean that are deprived of additional nutrients and thus unable to support marine life. There are also concerns about the broader implications of disrupting the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. The potential risks associated with these unknown variables led to the United Nations (UN) banning marine geoengineering, including ocean fertilization, in 2008.

Despite these concerns, some experts remain optimistic about the potential of ocean fertilization as a tool to combat climate change. They argue that with atmospheric carbon levels now exceeding 400 parts per million, a level that many scientists consider dangerously high, we may need to reconsider all available options. However, as with all complex scientific issues, the debate continues, underscoring the need for further research and careful consideration of all potential impacts.

Disruptive Impact

The interconnected nature of the world's oceans means that any changes to one part of the system can have far-reaching effects. For instance, if we were to increase iron concentrations in one area, we might inadvertently deplete nutrients in another area. This development could have serious implications for marine life and biodiversity in those regions. For example, a decrease in nutrients in a particular area could lead to a decline in the population of certain species, which could affect the entire food chain in that ecosystem.

The uncertainty surrounding iron fertilization also presents a significant challenge. If we do not fully understand what happens to the iron once it is introduced into the ocean, we cannot accurately predict or control the outcomes. This uncertainty could lead to unintended consequences, such as the creation of harmful algal blooms, which can produce toxins. For industries that rely on the ocean, such as fishing and tourism, these potential risks could have serious economic implications.

Given these complexities, it seems unlikely that global authorities like the UN will lift the ban on marine geoengineering in the near future. However, this does not mean that the conversation around ocean fertilization and other forms of geoengineering needs to stop. Governments, scientists, and businesses need to continue to explore and invest in research to better understand these technologies to develop safer and more effective methods of geoengineering.

Implications of ocean fertilization:

Wider implications of ocean fertilization may include:

Increased research and development in marine geoengineering leading to the creation of new industries and job opportunities in environmental science and technology.

The potential success of ocean fertilization inspiring a shift in political priorities, with more emphasis placed on funding and supporting environmental initiatives.

The potential for ocean fertilization to mitigate climate change leading to a decrease in climate-related health issues, improving overall public health.

New technologies for carbon capture and storage, advancing our capabilities in the fight against climate change.

A decrease in extreme weather events, reducing the economic burden of disaster response and recovery.

The potential for harmful algal blooms resulting from ocean fertilization leading to a decrease in tourism in affected areas, impacting local economies.