ASW weapons: From frigates to drones

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 12, 2024

Insight summary

Enhancements in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weaponry are changing how threats beneath the waves are detected and neutralized, employing high-altitude torpedoes and advanced drones for greater operational reach. Amidst escalating tensions in strategic regions, these technological leaps allow for more effective surveillance and targeting of submarines, marking a shift in naval power dynamics. This evolution in ASW not only opens new avenues for defense-related careers and innovations but also raises questions about environmental impacts and the global arms race.

Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapons context

The US Navy is leading significant developments in ASW weaponry, such as transforming traditional torpedoes into high-altitude, long-range weapons. In 2023, Boeing Co. Defense, Space & Security was contracted for USD $12 million by the Naval Sea Systems Command to develop launch kits for the Mark 54 (Mk 54) torpedo. This innovation allows ASW aircraft, such as the P-8A Poseidon, to deploy these torpedoes from altitudes of 30,000 feet, significantly enhancing their operational flexibility and range. This capability is crucial amidst rising tensions in the western Pacific region, where naval superiority could be decisive.

In addition, the introduction of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as the General Atomics MQ-9B Sea Guardian, marks a paradigm shift in ASW strategy. The MQ-9B can carry and deploy sonobuoys, a vital tool in submarine detection, over vast ocean areas, offering persistent surveillance capabilities that manned aircraft cannot match. This extended endurance and operational range, combined with the ability to share data in real-time with other platforms, significantly enhance the detection and tracking of elusive submarine threats. 

Meanwhile, Taiwan is significantly advancing its ASW capabilities by developing a new fleet of frigates designed to enhance its ability to detect and counter Chinese submarines. Opting for agility over sheer size, Taiwan's navy has initiated the construction of two 2,500-ton frigates equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry and systems, including advanced sonar and missile technologies. This strategic naval expansion, set to replace older Knox-class frigates by 2026, underscores the country's commitment to maintaining a formidable maritime defense amidst escalating regional tensions. 

Disruptive impact

These ASW advancements may offer new career opportunities in defense, technology, and research, appealing to those interested in maritime security and technological development. However, the increasing focus on ASW capabilities could also heighten public concerns regarding global militarization and the escalation of naval arms races, potentially leading to increased anxiety about international conflicts. Moreover, individuals living in coastal regions might experience direct impacts through enhanced naval operations and exercises, affecting local marine life and potentially disrupting community livelihoods that depend on maritime resources.

Meanwhile, defense, maritime, and technology companies may witness significant growth and innovation opportunities. The demand for advanced ASW technologies may spur investments in research and development, fostering collaborations across industries and the creation of more sophisticated maritime surveillance and defense products. However, companies need continuous adaptation to rapidly changing defense requirements and the possibility of increased regulation and scrutiny of their products and services. Additionally, businesses in the maritime industry, such as shipping and fisheries, may need to adjust their operations to accommodate new naval technologies and the potential for increased military activity in commercial maritime zones.

Governments may need to allocate significant resources to support the development and integration of these technologies, which could lead to debates over budget priorities and the balance between defense spending and other public services. In addition, enhancing ASW capabilities could alter strategic balances, prompting diplomatic efforts to manage tensions and maintain peace in contested maritime territories. Furthermore, as ASW technologies evolve, governments may need to navigate complex arms control and non-proliferation agreements to prevent an arms race.

Implications of anti-submarine warfare weapons

Wider implications of ASW weapons may include: 

• Increased public-private partnerships in ASW research and development.


• New regulations on underwater noise pollution aiming to mitigate the impact of ASW activities on marine life.


• A rise in educational programs focused on maritime security and technology.


• Governments increasing investments in surveillance and detection technologies, aiming to bolster national security around maritime borders.


• Increased global naval cooperation and information sharing, aimed at countering shared threats and enhancing collective security.


• Environmental impact assessments for naval exercises, aiming to protect marine ecosystems while maintaining security.


• The expansion of career opportunities in cybersecurity and data analysis, driven by the need to protect and analyze vast amounts of data generated by ASW operations.


• An increase in demand for specialized maritime equipment, leading to growth in the naval defense industry and its supply chain.


• The establishment of international forums and agreements focused on regulating ASW technologies and their deployment, aiming to prevent escalations in military tensions.

Questions to consider

• How could advancements in anti-submarine warfare technology impact your local marine environment and its biodiversity?


• What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of increased defense spending on anti-submarine capabilities for your country's economy?