Climate change lawsuits: Holding corporations accountable for environmental damages

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 7, 2022

Insight summary

As communities and younger generations hold fossil fuel companies accountable in court for environmental negligence, these firms face growing legal and financial pressures. This scrutiny is pushing the industry towards sustainable practices and renewable energy, with governments and investors also shifting focus to greener alternatives. These changes are reshaping job markets, corporate transparency, and international policies, marking a significant transformation in energy production and global environmental strategy.

Climate change lawsuit context

Nations, cities, counties, and younger generations are demanding penance from fossil fuel companies that they believe are endangering their future. This conflict is increasingly being taken to the courts as more information becomes public about how some fossil fuel extraction and processing firms have neglected the environment and contributed to climate change. 

The seriousness of the negligence towards the environment shown by select firms within the fossil fuel industry was illustrated in 2015 when it was revealed that oil company Exxon had access to data since the 1970s that proved the disruptive impact of global warming. However, the company chose to hide this information over the following decades and promote climate change misinformation. Investigations were launched by the attorney generals of New York, Massachusetts, and the US Virgin Islands, investigating the company’s promotion of fraudulent information. 

Similarly, in California, entire cities and counties are demanding millions of dollars from oil and gas companies to pay for protection measures against rising sea levels. By the end of 2021, over two dozen lawsuits had been filed by US cities and states like Vermont against companies, such as Shell and Exxon, for concealing and downplaying the environmental risks associated with their activities. 

Litigations may increase as new evidence emerges and as more oil and gas companies are found guilty by various courts worldwide. For instance, in 2021, a Dutch court ruled that Shell needed to cut its emissions by 45 percent by 2030, instead of Shell’s promise to reach net-zero emissions by 2050  

Disruptive impact 

The escalating impact of climate change has intensified scrutiny on fossil fuel companies. Experts like Professor Harold Koh highlight the significant role these corporations have played in the escalating crisis. As taxpayers confront the financial burdens of climate-related disasters, which could have been lessened with earlier action, public discontent is rising. This shift in public opinion is increasingly holding these companies accountable, pressing them to adopt more sustainable practices and reduce their carbon footprint.

Looking towards the 2050s, the challenges posed by climate change will become more pronounced, particularly in coastal and agricultural regions. As sea levels rise and extreme weather patterns disrupt agriculture, the fossil fuel industry faces mounting pressure to address its role in these environmental changes. This pressure extends beyond mere accountability; there is a growing expectation for these companies to actively transition towards renewable energy sources. The pace and effectiveness of this transition, integrating low-carbon technologies like green hydrogen, will be closely watched by both the public and governments.

On the governmental front, a significant shift towards investing in renewable energy research and development is anticipated. This realignment reflects not only environmental concerns but also a strategic economic move as the fossil fuel industry's growth prospects dim amid public criticism. Concurrently, traditional jobs in oil and gas are expected to decline, requiring a workforce transition to sectors focused on renewable energy production. 

Implications of climate change lawsuits

Wider implications of climate change lawsuits being launched en mass against fossil fuel companies may include:

• Increasing climate change litigation driving energy companies to invest more in renewable energy, leading to a significant shift in energy production and consumption patterns.


• Enhanced environmental, sustainability, and governance reporting requirements for companies, leading to greater transparency in corporate practices and investor decision-making.


• Growing public awareness of climate change fostering stronger consumer support for sustainable products and services, reshaping market demands.


• Governments enacting stricter regulations on fossil fuel industries, spurring a rapid expansion of renewable energy sectors and related job opportunities.


• Investors redirecting funds towards renewable energy ventures, accelerating technological advancements and energy sector transformation.


• Legal precedents set by climate change lawsuits prompting more cases globally, influencing environmental policies and corporate accountability.


• Fossil fuel companies facing legal and financial pressures, leading to a gradual decline in traditional energy jobs and a rise in green energy employment.


• Political focus on climate change mitigation intensifying international cooperation and shaping new trade and diplomatic relations.


• Publicly listed companies facing new environmental reporting standards, leading to enhanced investor and consumer trust in corporate responsibility.

Questions to consider

• Do you think it’s possible for Shell to cut 45 percent of its carbon emissions by 2030?


• Are cities being compensated financially by fossil fuel companies enough to combat climate change and an adequate form of punishment?