Light-based quantum: The bright future of quantum computing

• Author:
• Author name

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 26, 2024

Insight summary

Recent developments in light-based quantum computing suggest a shift in computational technology, moving from traditional methods to using light particles for processing. This shift promises more efficient and faster problem-solving in various fields and the potential for environmental benefits due to reduced energy needs. These advancements also raise important questions about data security, job market evolution, and global technological competitiveness.

Light-Based quantum context

Several developments have been unfolding in light-based quantum computing. Light-based quantum computing, or photonic quantum computing, uses photons (light particles) to perform computations. In contrast, traditional computing uses electrical circuits and bits. In June 2023, MIT researchers discovered that lead-halide perovskite nanoparticles can produce a consistent flow of photons. These materials are not only promising for future solar panels due to their lightweight and ease of production, but they also stand out for their potential in advanced technologies because they can be easily made and applied to surfaces like glass.

Then, in October 2023, Chinese scientists made a breakthrough with their new light-based quantum computer, Jiuzhang 3.0, which has set a new world record by detecting 255 photons, far surpassing its predecessor Jiuzhang 2.0's 113 photons. This advancement allows Jiuzhang 3.0 to perform a million times faster than Jiuzhang 2.0 in solving Gaussian boson sampling problems, a complex mathematical model used in quantum computing. Remarkably, Jiuzhang 3.0 can process the most intricate Gaussian boson sampling samples in just one microsecond, a task that the world's fastest supercomputer, Frontier, would need over 20 billion years to complete. 

Finally, in January 2024, Japanese scientists announced significant advancements in eliminating the need for the ultra-low temperatures required by current light-based quantum machines. Their breakthrough involves a high-performance "compressed light" source for information transmission to build a powerful quantum computer by 2030. This development offers potential scalability and power efficiency advantages over other methods like superconducting and silicon-based quantum computers.

Disruptive impact

The advancements in light-based quantum computing are expected to significantly improve computational efficiency and speed. This technology's capability to operate at room temperature reduces the need for complex cooling systems, making it more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. The increased efficiency and lower operational costs could encourage broader adoption of quantum computing technologies across various sectors, accelerating research and development in artificial intelligence, material science, and cryptography.

The development of light-based quantum computing may also lead to more rapid and affordable access to advanced computational resources. This shift could result in enhanced personal security through more sophisticated encryption methods for data protection. In education, such advancements may provide students and researchers with new tools for learning and discovery. Additionally, as this technology matures, it could create new job opportunities and career paths in quantum computing and related industries.

Governments will likely see these developments as an opportunity to enhance national capabilities in science and technology. Investments in light-based quantum computing can boost a country's competitive edge in high-tech industries and research. This technology may also require updates in regulatory frameworks, particularly concerning data security, to address the new challenges posed by advanced computational abilities. Furthermore, governments may need to foster partnerships between academia, industry, and research institutions to fully leverage the potential of light-based quantum computing.

Implications of light-based quantum

Wider implications of light-based quantum may include: 

• Enhanced computational capabilities in research sectors, leading to faster and more accurate climate modeling and disease research outcomes.
• Accelerated discovery and development of new materials and drugs, reducing the time and cost of bringing these to market.
• Increased demand for quantum-resistant encryption methods, leading to a surge in cybersecurity investments and innovation in data protection technologies.
• Shifts in educational focus towards quantum computing and related fields, creating new learning opportunities and career paths in emerging technologies.
• Governments investing in quantum computing infrastructure and education, aiming to gain a competitive edge in global technology leadership.
• Changes in geopolitical dynamics, as nations vie for dominance in quantum computing capabilities, potentially leading to new alliances and rivalries.
• The democratization of high-level computational resources, enabling smaller businesses and research institutions to compete with larger entities.
• Rise in energy-efficient and environmentally friendly computational methods, contributing to reduced carbon footprints in the tech industry.
• Transformation of business models in sectors like finance and logistics due to advanced optimization and predictive modeling capabilities.
• Legal and ethical challenges arising from advanced computational abilities, requiring new regulations and governance structures.

Questions to consider

• How might integrating light-based quantum computing into various industries reshape the job market?
• In what ways could the advancement of quantum computing affect global data security?