Underground AFS: The underground route to clean commerce

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 2, 2024

Insight summary

Exploring underground autonomous freight systems (AFS) offers a promising path to addressing our modern dilemmas of road congestion and environmental degradation. These systems use electric vehicles (EVs) in underground tunnels to efficiently move goods between production sites and urban centers, aiming to streamline supply chains and reduce pollution. As the world leans towards such technologies, adjustments in workforce skills, corporate strategies, and regulatory frameworks would be required.

Underground AFS context

The concept of underground autonomous freight systems (AFS) is emerging as a forward-thinking solution to the congested roads and environmental challenges of our time. Switzerland has embarked on an ambitious Cargo Sous Terrain (CST) project to pioneer this initiative. This collaborative effort involves Swiss firms across multiple sectors, aiming to connect production and logistics hubs with urban centers through an automated underground conveyor system. The system is designed to transport goods efficiently, utilizing electric-powered vehicles that navigate at a constant speed, reducing surface traffic and contributing to a cleaner environment.

The CST project also highlights the critical role of digitization and automation in modern freight logistics. For instance, Swedish transport company Einride is at the forefront of transforming road freight with its electric and self-driving vehicles. By providing software-as-a-service (SaaS) and capacity-as-a-service (CaaS), Einride is facilitating the shift towards digital freight systems, exemplified by their partnership with shipping company Maersk and GE Appliances. These collaborations are a testament to the growing demand for sustainable, efficient, and autonomous freight solutions that seamlessly integrate into the global supply chain.

Looking forward, the retraining and upskilling of the workforce becomes paramount in realizing the full potential of AFS. Einride's initiative includes training truck drivers to operate their autonomous pods. Moreover, Switzerland's legal framework enabling underground freight transportation signifies a global shift towards innovative solutions to infrastructure and environmental challenges. By 2031, the CST project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of underground AFS, offering a glimpse into a future where logistics minimizes its ecological footprint.

Disruptive impact

With the automation of freight transport, traditional roles in logistics and driving may decline, urging workers to adapt to new roles focused on technology, system management, and maintenance. This transition could offer higher-quality jobs in terms of working conditions and safety as hazardous driving conditions and long hours on the road become less common. However, the shift also poses challenges in terms of retraining and upskilling, requiring individuals to gain technical skills that are in sync with the needs of an increasingly automated industry.

Companies that integrate AFS into their operations may experience enhanced efficiency and reduced operational costs. By bypassing congested roads and delivering goods through underground networks, businesses could see a decrease in delivery times and an improvement in supply chain reliability. This efficiency might enable companies to offer faster, more predictable shipping options to their customers, potentially increasing customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. 

For governments, adopting AFS presents opportunities to address urban congestion and environmental concerns by reducing the number of freight vehicles on public roads. This shift could lead to lower emissions, contribute to national and international environmental targets, and help manage the growing demands on existing transport infrastructure. Furthermore, governments may need to establish new regulations and standards to ensure the safe and efficient operation of underground freight networks, which involves coordination with multiple stakeholders and sectors. 

Implications of underground AFS

Wider implications of underground AFS may include: 

• Enhanced urban space utilization as underground freight systems free up surface land, potentially transforming it into green spaces or for community development.


• Shifts in employment patterns, with increased demand for tech-savvy workforce proficient in autonomous systems maintenance and data analytics.


• New business models focusing on integrating underground logistics solutions with e-commerce platforms to enhance delivery speeds.


• Governments investing in education and vocational training programs to prepare the workforce for the changing job landscape.


• Increased real estate values in areas connected to the underground freight network due to improved access to efficient logistics.


• Reduced transportation costs, making goods cheaper for consumers and increasing the affordability of a wide range of products.


• A shift in global trade dynamics as countries adopting underground freight networks gain a competitive edge in international logistics.


• New insurance products and services tailored to the unique risks associated with underground freight transportation.


• International standards and regulations governing the safety, operation, and environmental impact of underground freight systems.

Questions to consider

• How could adopting underground freight systems change your daily commute and urban living experience?


• How would the potential decrease in goods transportation costs affect your shopping habits and budget?