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ZITHUNZI CREDIT: Quantumrun

Geopolitics pa intaneti yosasinthika: Tsogolo la intaneti P9

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
LinkedIn

Lolemba, 09/14/2020 - 13:28

Kuwongolera pa intaneti. Adzakhala mwini wake ndani? Adzamenyana ndi ndani? Zidzawoneka bwanji m'manja mwa omwe ali ndi njala yamphamvu?

Pofika pano pamndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Paintaneti, tafotokoza za chiyembekezo chapaintaneti—umodzi wochulukirachulukira, wothandiza, komanso wodabwitsa. Takhala tikuyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo womwe ukuthandizira dziko lathu lamtsogolo la digito, komanso momwe zingakhudzire moyo wathu waumwini komanso wamagulu.

Koma tikukhala m’dziko lenileni. Ndipo zomwe sitinafotokoze mpaka pano ndi momwe omwe akufuna kuwongolera intaneti angakhudzire kukula kwa intaneti.

Mukuwona, intaneti ikukula kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe gulu lathu limapanga chaka ndi chaka. Kukula kosasunthika kumeneku kukuyimira chiwopsezo chomwe chilipo ku mphamvu ya boma yolamulira nzika zake. Mwachilengedwe, luso laukadaulo likabuka kuti likhazikitse mphamvu za anthu osankhika, osankhika omwewo amayesa kulinganiza ukadaulowo kuti usungitse ndikusunga bata. Iyi ndiye nkhani yoyambira pa chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kuwerenga.

M'mawu omaliza awa, tiwona momwe ma capitalism, geopolitics, ndi magulu omenyera ufulu wachinsinsi angasinthire ndikumenya nkhondo pabwalo lankhondo la intaneti. Zotsatira za nkhondoyi zitha kutengera momwe dziko la digito lomwe tidzakhale nalo kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi.

Capitalism imatengera zomwe takumana nazo pa intaneti

Pali zifukwa zambiri zofunira kuwongolera intaneti, koma chifukwa chosavuta kumvetsetsa ndikulimbikitsa kupanga ndalama, kuyendetsa capitalist. Pazaka zisanu zapitazi, tawona zoyamba za momwe umbombo wamakampaniwu ukusinthiranso zochitika zapaintaneti za munthu wamba.

Mwina chithunzithunzi chowoneka bwino chamakampani azinsinsi omwe akuyesera kuwongolera intaneti ndi mpikisano pakati pa opereka mabandi aku US ndi zimphona za Silicon Valley. Pamene makampani ngati Netflix adayamba kuchulukirachulukira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimadyedwa kunyumba, opereka ma Broadband adayesa kulipiritsa ntchito zotsatsira pamtengo wokwera poyerekeza ndi masamba ena omwe amadya zambiri zabroadband. Izi zidayambitsa mkangano waukulu pa kusalowerera ndale pa intaneti komanso yemwe adakhazikitsa malamulo pa intaneti.

Kwa akuluakulu a Silicon Valley, adawona sewerolo makampani opanga ma Broadband akuwopseza phindu lawo komanso kuwopseza zatsopano. Mwamwayi kwa anthu, chifukwa cha chikoka cha Silicon Valley pa boma, ndi chikhalidwe chonse, opereka burodibandi adalephera kwambiri poyesa kukhala ndi intaneti.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo anachita zinthu mongoganizira ena. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi mapulani awoawo zikafika pakulamulira intaneti. Kwa makampani apaintaneti, kupindula kumadalira kwambiri mtundu ndi kutalika kwa zomwe amapanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Metric iyi ikulimbikitsa makampani apaintaneti kuti apange zida zazikulu zapaintaneti zomwe akuyembekeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala mkati, m'malo moyendera omwe akupikisana nawo. Kunena zoona, iyi ndi njira yoyendetsera intaneti yomwe mumakumana nayo.

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha kuwongolera kosokoneza uku ndi mtsinje. M'mbuyomu, mukamasakatula pa intaneti kuti mumve nkhani zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kulemba ulalo kapena kudina ulalo kuti muwone mawebusayiti osiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, kwa ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja, zomwe amakumana nazo pa intaneti zimachitika makamaka kudzera m'mapulogalamu, zachilengedwe zodzitsekera zomwe zimakupatsirani makanema osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri osafuna kuti musiye pulogalamuyi kuti mupeze kapena kutumiza media.

Mukamachita nawo ntchito ngati Facebook kapena Netflix, sikuti amakutumizirani zofalitsa zanu mosasamala - ma aligorivimu awo opangidwa mwaluso amayang'anitsitsa chilichonse chomwe mumadina, monga, mtima, ndemanga, ndi zina. ndi zokonda ndi cholinga chomaliza chokupatsani zinthu zomwe mungathe kuchita nazo zambiri, zomwe zimakukokerani ku chilengedwe chawo mozama komanso kwanthawi yayitali.

Kumbali ina, ma aligorivimuwa akukupatsirani ntchito yothandiza pokudziwitsani zomwe mungasangalale nazo; komano, ma aligorivimuwa akuwongolera zowulutsa zomwe mumadya ndikukutetezani kuzinthu zomwe zingakutsutseni momwe mumaganizira komanso momwe mumawonera dziko lapansi. Ma aligorivimuwa amakusungani mu thovu lopangidwa mwaluso, losasunthika, losanjikiza, mosiyana ndi ukonde wodzifufuza nokha komwe mumafunafuna nkhani ndi zoulutsira mawu motengera zomwe mukufuna.

Kwazaka makumi angapo zotsatira, ambiri mwa makampani awa apitiliza kufunafuna kukhala ndi chidwi chanu pa intaneti. Adzachita izi mwa kukopa kwambiri, kenako kugula makampani osiyanasiyana atolankhani-kukhazikitsa umwini wa media media mopitilira apo.

Kusokoneza intaneti kwa chitetezo cha dziko

Ngakhale mabizinesi angafune kuwongolera zomwe mwakumana nazo pa intaneti kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zawo, maboma ali ndi zolinga zakuda kwambiri.

Izi zidapangitsa nkhani zakutsogolo zapadziko lonse lapansi kutsatira kutayikira kwa Snowden pomwe zidawululidwa kuti US National Security Agency idagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kosavomerezeka kuti akazonde anthu ake komanso maboma ena. Chochitikachi, kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse m'mbuyomu, chinasokoneza kusalowerera ndale kwa intaneti ndikugogomezeranso lingaliro la "ukadaulo waukadaulo," pomwe dziko limayesa kuwongolera zomwe nzika zake za data komanso zochitika pa intaneti.

Atangotengedwa ngati vuto lopanda pake, chipolowecho chinakakamiza maboma adziko kuti atengepo mbali pa intaneti, chitetezo chawo pa intaneti, ndi ndondomeko zawo zokhudzana ndi malamulo a pa intaneti - kuti ateteze (ndi kudziteteza) kwa nzika zawo komanso ubale wawo ndi mayiko ena.

Zotsatira zake, atsogoleri andale padziko lonse lapansi adadzudzula US ndipo adayambanso kuyika ndalama m'njira zoyendetsera intaneti yawo. Zitsanzo zingapo:

Brazil analengeza akufuna kumanga chingwe cha intaneti ku Portugal kuti apewe kuyang'aniridwa ndi NSA. Anasiyanso kugwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Outlook kupita ku ntchito yopangidwa ndi boma yotchedwa Espresso.
China analengeza idzamaliza njira yolumikizirana ma kilomita 2,000, pafupifupi yosatheka, yolumikizirana kuchokera ku Beijing kupita ku Shanghai pofika chaka cha 2016, ndi mapulani okulitsa maukonde padziko lonse lapansi pofika 2030.
Russia idavomereza lamulo lokakamiza makampani apaintaneti akunja kusunga zomwe amasonkhanitsa za anthu aku Russia m'malo opangira data omwe ali mkati mwa Russia.

Pagulu, zifukwa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti agulitse ndalamazi zinali zoteteza zinsinsi za nzika zawo kuti zisamawonedwe ndi akumadzulo, koma zoona zake n'zakuti zonse ndi zowongolera. Mukuwona, palibe mwazinthu izi zomwe zimateteza kwambiri munthu wamba kuti asawonedwe ndi digito. Kuteteza deta yanu kumadalira kwambiri momwe deta yanu imafalitsidwira ndikusungidwa, makamaka kuposa kumene ili.

Ndipo monga tawonera pambuyo pa kugwa kwa mafayilo a Snowden, mabungwe azamalamulo aboma alibe chidwi chofuna kuwongolera ma encryption a ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti - makamaka, amalimbikira kutsutsana nawo pazifukwa zachitetezo cha dziko. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchulukirachulukira kwa kusonkhanitsa deta (onani Russia pamwambapa) kumatanthauza kuti deta yanu imafikirika mosavuta ndi apolisi akumaloko, zomwe sizosangalatsa ngati mukukhala m'maboma ochulukirachulukira a Orwellian monga Russia kapena China.

Izi zipangitsa kuti tsogolo lawo likhazikike m'tsogolo: Kukhazikitsa pakati kuti muzitha kuyang'anira deta mosavuta ndikuwunika pogwiritsa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta ndikuwongolera pa intaneti mokomera malamulo apakhomo ndi mabungwe.

Kufufuza pa intaneti kumakula

Censorship mwina ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yowongolera anthu mothandizidwa ndi boma, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pa intaneti kukukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi. Zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikiraku zimasiyanasiyana, koma olakwira kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala maiko omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri koma osauka, kapena mayiko omwe akulamulidwa ndi gulu lolamulira lokonda anthu.

Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri cha kuwunika kwapaintaneti kwamakono ndi China Great Firewall. Amapangidwa kuti aletse mawebusayiti apakhomo ndi akunja pamindandanda yaku China (mndandanda womwe uli ndi masamba 19,000 kuyambira 2015), firewall iyi imathandizidwa ndi mamiliyoni awiri ogwira ntchito m'boma omwe amayang'anira mawebusayiti aku China, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, mabulogu, ndi maukonde otumizirana mameseji pofuna kuthana ndi zinthu zosaloledwa ndi malamulo komanso zosagwirizana ndi malamulo. China Great Firewall ikukulitsa luso lake loyang'anira chikhalidwe cha anthu aku China. Posachedwapa, ngati ndinu nzika yaku China, zowerengera zaboma ndi ma aligorivimu amasankha anzanu omwe muli nawo pamasamba ochezera, mauthenga omwe mumayika pa intaneti, ndi zinthu zomwe mumagula patsamba la e-commerce. Ngati zochita zanu zapaintaneti zikukanika kutsatira malamulo okhwima a boma, zidzachepetsa ngongole yanu, zomwe zingakhudze luso lanu lopeza ngongole, zilolezo zotetezedwa, ngakhalenso kupeza mitundu ina ya ntchito.

Kumbali inanso ndi mayiko a Kumadzulo kumene nzika zimamva kuti zimatetezedwa ndi malamulo a ufulu wolankhula / kulankhula. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti kuunika kwa anthu a m'mayiko a azungu kungathenso kuwononga ufulu wa anthu.

M'mayiko a ku Ulaya kumene ufulu wolankhula ndi wovuta, maboma akulowerera m'malamulo oletsa anthu kuganiza kuti akuteteza anthu. Kudzera kukakamizidwa ndi boma, Mabungwe apamwamba a pa Intaneti ku UK—Virgin, Talk Talk, BT, ndi Sky—anavomera kuwonjezera “batani lochitira malipoti pagulu” la digito pomwe anthu anganene chilichonse chapaintaneti chomwe chimalimbikitsa malankhulidwe achigawenga kapena monyanyira komanso kuchitira ana zachipongwe.

Kupereka lipoti lomaliza mwachiwonekere ndi chinthu chabwino kwa anthu, koma kulengeza zakale kumangotengera zomwe anthu amati ndizochita monyanyira - chizindikiro chomwe boma tsiku lina lingathe kukulitsa zochitika zambiri ndi magulu ochita chidwi mwapadera kudzera mu kutanthauzira momasuka nthawi (kwenikweni, zitsanzo za izi zikutuluka kale).

Pakadali pano, m'maiko omwe amachita zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza za ufulu wolankhula, monga US, kuwunika kumatenga mawonekedwe amtundu wina ("Muli nafe kapena kutitsutsa"), milandu yodula, kuchititsa manyazi pagulu pawailesi yakanema, ndi -monga momwe tawonera ndi Snowden-kuwonongeka kwa malamulo oteteza ofotokozera.

Kuwunika kwa boma kukuyembekezeka kukula, osati kucheperachepera, chifukwa choteteza anthu ku zigawenga ndi zigawenga. Pamenepo, malinga ndi Freedomhouse.org:

Pakati pa Meyi 2013 ndi Meyi 2014, mayiko 41 adapereka kapena kukonza malamulo oti alange njira zovomerezeka zolankhulira pa intaneti, kuonjezera mphamvu za boma kuwongolera zomwe zili mkati kapena kukulitsa luso lowunikira boma.
Kuyambira May 2013, kumangidwa kwa mauthenga a pa intaneti okhudzana ndi ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kunalembedwa mu 38 mwa mayiko a 65 omwe akuyang'aniridwa, makamaka ku Middle East ndi North Africa, kumene kumangidwa kunachitika ku 10 mwa mayiko a 11 omwe anayesedwa m'deralo.
Kukakamizika pamawebusayiti odziyimira pawokha, pakati pa magwero ochepa opanda zidziwitso m'maiko ambiri, kudakula kwambiri. Atolankhani ambiri a nzika adawukiridwa pomwe amafotokoza za mikangano ku Syria komanso ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi boma ku Egypt, Turkey, ndi Ukraine. Maboma ena adakulitsa chiphaso ndi kuwongolera mawebusayiti.
Pambuyo pa zigawenga za 2015 ku Paris, apolisi aku France anayamba kuitana zida zosadziwika pa intaneti kuti zisakhale zoletsedwa kwa anthu. N’cifukwa ciani anapempha zimenezi? Tiyeni tikumbe mozama.

Kutuluka kwa ukonde wakuya ndi wakuda

Potengera chilangizo chaboma chomwe chikukula chowunika ndikuwunika zomwe tikuchita pa intaneti, magulu a nzika zokhudzidwa omwe ali ndi luso lapadera akutuluka ndi cholinga choteteza ufulu wathu.

Mabizinesi, owononga, ndi magulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu akupanga padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange zigawenga zingapo. zida kuthandiza anthu kuthawa diso la digito la Big Brother. Chachikulu pakati pa zida izi ndi TOR (Anyezi Router) ndi intaneti yakuya.

Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kulipo, TOR ndiye chida chotsogola chakuba, akazitape, atolankhani, ndi nzika zokhudzidwa (ndiponso, achifwamba nawonso) amagwiritsa ntchito kupewa kuyang'aniridwa pa intaneti. Monga dzina lake likusonyezera, TOR imagwira ntchito pogawa zochitika zanu zapaintaneti kudzera m'magulu ambiri apakati, kuti musokoneze chinsinsi chanu cha intaneti pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ena ambiri a TOR.

Chidwi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito TOR kwaphulika pambuyo pa Snowden, ndipo ipitilira kukula. Koma dongosololi likugwirabe ntchito pa bajeti yochepa yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi odzipereka ndi mabungwe omwe tsopano akugwirizana kuti akulitse chiwerengero cha TOR relays (zigawo) kuti maukonde azitha kugwira ntchito mofulumira komanso motetezeka chifukwa cha kukula kwake komwe akuyembekezeredwa.

Ukonde wakuya uli ndi masamba omwe aliyense amatha kuwona koma osawoneka ndi injini zosaka. Chifukwa chake, amakhalabe osawoneka kwa aliyense kupatula omwe amadziwa zoyenera kuyang'ana. Masambawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu achinsinsi otetezedwa, zolemba, zambiri zamakampani, ndi zina zambiri. Ukonde wakuya umaposa 500 kukula kwa tsamba lowoneka lomwe munthu wamba amapeza kudzera pa Google.

Zoonadi, monga momwe masambawa alili othandiza makampani, ndi chida chokulirapo cha obera ndi olimbikitsa. Amadziwika kuti Darknets (TOR ndi amodzi mwa iwo), awa ndi maukonde a anzawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol osagwirizana ndi intaneti kuti azitha kulumikizana ndikugawana mafayilo osazindikirika. Kutengera dzikoli komanso momwe malamulo ake azilondolera anthu wamba, zomwe zikuchitika zikuwonetsa kuti zida za niche izi zitha kukhala zodziwika bwino pofika chaka cha 2025. Zomwe zimafunikira ndizovuta zingapo zowunikira anthu komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida za darknet. Ndipo akapita kofala, makampani a e-commerce ndi media amatsatira, kukokera gawo lalikulu la intaneti kuphompho lomwe boma lidzapeza kuti silingathe kutsatira.

Kuyang'anira kumapita mbali zonse ziwiri

Chifukwa cha kutayikira kwaposachedwa kwa Snowden, zikuwonekeratu kuti kuyang'anira kwakukulu pakati pa boma ndi nzika zake kumatha kupita mbali ziwiri. Pamene ntchito zambiri za boma ndi mauthenga akusungidwa pakompyuta, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chazofalitsa zazikulu komanso kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira (kuwononga).

Komanso, monga wathu Tsogolo Lamakompyuta mndandanda wawululidwa, kupita patsogolo kwa kompyuta ya Quantum posachedwa kupangitsa mapasiwedi amakono ndi ma protocol achinsinsi kuti asagwire ntchito. Ngati muwonjezera kukwera kwa ma AI pakusakanikirana, ndiye kuti maboma amayenera kulimbana ndi aluntha lamakina omwe mwina sangaganize mokoma mtima kuti azizonda.

Boma likhoza kuwongolera zonse ziwirizi mwaukali, koma palibe chomwe chingakhale kutali ndi omenyera ufulu wotsimikiza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pofika zaka za m'ma 2030, tidzayamba kulowa m'nthawi yomwe palibe chomwe chingakhale chachinsinsi pa intaneti-kupatula deta yolekanitsidwa ndi intaneti (mukudziwa, monga mabuku abwino, akale). Mchitidwe uwu udzakakamiza kuthamanga kwamakono Ulamuliro wotseguka mayendedwe padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe deta ya boma imaperekedwa kuti ipezeke mwaulere kuti anthu azitha kuchita nawo limodzi popanga zisankho ndikukweza demokalase.

Ufulu wamtsogolo wamtsogolo umadalira kuchuluka kwamtsogolo

Boma liyenera kuwongolera — pa intaneti komanso mokakamiza —chizindikiro chachikulu cha kulephera kwake kupereka mokwanira zofunika zakuthupi ndi malingaliro a anthu. Kufunika kolamulira uku ndikokwera kwambiri m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, chifukwa nzika yokhazikika yolandidwa katundu ndi ufulu ndiyomwe ingathe kugwetsa maulamuliro (monga tidawonera mu Arab Spring ya 2011).

Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsera tsogolo lopanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi boma ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi kudziko lambiri. Ngati mayiko amtsogolo atha kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri kwa anthu awo, ndiye kuti kufunikira kwawo kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwawo kudzachepa, komanso kufunikira kwawo kuyang'anira intaneti.

Pamene tikumaliza tsogolo lathu la mndandanda wapaintaneti, ndikofunikira kutsindikanso kuti intaneti imangokhala chida chomwe chimathandiza kulumikizana bwino komanso kugawa zida. Si mapiritsi amatsenga amavuto onse adziko lapansi. Koma kuti pakhale dziko lochuluka, ukonde uyenera kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakubweretsa pamodzi mafakitalewa monga mphamvu, ulimi, mayendedwe, ndi zomangamanga - zomwe zidzasintha mawa lathu. Malingana ngati tiyesetsa kuti intaneti ikhale yaulere kwa onse, tsogolo limenelo likhoza kubwera posachedwa kuposa momwe mungaganizire.