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Momwe Generation X idzasinthire dziko: Tsogolo la Anthu P1

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
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Lachiwiri, 09/15/2020 - 04:56

Zaka chikwi ndi zaka chikwi zisanakhale okondedwa a 2000s, Generation X (Gen X) inali nkhani mtawuniyi. Ndipo pomwe akhala akubisalira mumithunzi, 2020s ikhala zaka khumi pomwe dziko lidzakumana ndi kuthekera kwawo kwenikweni.

Pazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, a Gen Xers ayamba kulanda utsogoleri m'magawo onse aboma, komanso m'maiko onse azachuma. Pofika m'ma 2030, chikoka chawo padziko lapansi chidzafika pachimake ndipo cholowa chomwe adzasiyire chidzasintha dziko kwamuyaya.

Koma tisanafufuze ndendende momwe a Gen Xers adzagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zawo zamtsogolo, tiyeni tifotokoze momveka bwino za omwe ali oyambira.

M'badwo X: M'badwo woiwalika

Wobadwa pakati pa 1965 ndi 1979, Gen X amadziwika ngati m'badwo wankhosa zakuda. Koma mukaganizira zowonetsa ndi mbiri yawo, kodi mungawaimbe mlandu?

Taganizirani izi: Gen Xers akuwerengera pafupifupi 50 miliyoni kapena 15.4 peresenti ya anthu a US (1.025 biliyoni padziko lonse) kuyambira 2016. Ndiwo mbadwo wochepa kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono ya US. Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti pankhani ya ndale, mavoti awo amaikidwa m'manda pansi pa mbadwo wa boomer (23.6 peresenti ya anthu aku US) mbali imodzi ndi mbadwo waukulu wa zaka chikwi (24.5 peresenti) kumbali inayo. Kwenikweni, iwo ndi m'badwo womwe ukudikirira kuti udumphidwe ndi zaka chikwi.

Choyipa chachikulu, Gen Xers adzakhala m'badwo woyamba waku US kuchita zoyipa kwambiri pazachuma kuposa makolo awo. Kupyolera mu kugwa kwachuma kuŵiri ndi nyengo ya kukwera kwa ziŵerengero za zisudzulo kwawononga kwambiri kuthekera kwawo kwa ndalama zonse zimene amapeza kwa moyo wawo wonse, osatchulanso ndalama zimene amasunga akapuma pantchito.

Koma ngakhale tchipisi tambiri timeneti tapanikizana ndi iwo, mungakhale chitsiru kubetcherana nawo. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi ziwona a Gen Xers atenga mwayi wawo wachidule wa anthu m'njira yomwe ingathe kuwongolera mphamvu zonse.

Zochitika zomwe zidapangitsa Gen X kuganiza

Kuti timvetsetse bwino momwe Gen X idzakhudzire dziko lathu lapansi, choyamba tiyenera kuyamika zochitika zomwe zidapangitsa mawonekedwe awo adziko lapansi.

Pamene anali ana (ochepera zaka 10), adawona achibale awo aku US akuvulazidwa mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo panthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam, mkangano womwe unapitirira mpaka 1975. 1973 vuto la mafuta ndi vuto lamphamvu la 1979.

Pamene a Gen Xers adalowa unyamata wawo, adakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha kukwera kwa Conservatism pomwe Ronald Reagan adasankhidwa kukhala paudindo mu 1980, limodzi ndi Margaret Thatcher ku UK. Panthawi yomweyi, vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku US linakula kwambiri, zomwe zinayambitsa mkuluyo Nkhondo pa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo zomwe zidachitika m'ma 1980.

Pomaliza, m'zaka zawo za 20, Gen Xers adakumana ndi zochitika ziwiri zomwe mwina zidasiya chidwi kwambiri kuposa onse. Choyamba chinali kugwa kwa Khoma la Berlin komanso kutha kwa Soviet Union komanso kutha kwa Cold War. Kumbukirani, Cold War idayamba a Gen Xers asanabadwe ndipo zimaganiziridwa kuti kusamvana kumeneku pakati pa maulamuliro awiri amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala kosatha… mpaka sikunatero. Chachiwiri, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, adawona kuyambika kwakukulu kwa intaneti.

M’zaka zonse za kuumbika kwa Gen Xers zinali zodzaza ndi zochitika zimene zinatsutsa makhalidwe awo, zinawapangitsa kudzimva kukhala opanda mphamvu ndi osasungika, ndipo zinatsimikizira kwa iwo kuti dziko likhoza kusintha nthaŵi yomweyo popanda chenjezo. Phatikizani zonsezi ndi mfundo yakuti kugwa kwachuma kwa 2008-9 kunachitika m'zaka zawo zopeza ndalama zambiri, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti mukumvetsa chifukwa chake m'badwo uno ukhoza kudzimva kukhala wodekha komanso wosuliza.

Chikhulupiliro cha Gen X

Mwa zina chifukwa cha zaka zawo zakubadwa, a Gen Xers akukokera ku malingaliro, zikhulupiriro, ndi mfundo zomwe zimalimbikitsa kulolerana, chitetezo ndi bata.

Gen Xers ochokera kumayiko akumadzulo makamaka, amakonda kukhala ololera komanso opita patsogolo pamagulu kuposa omwe adawatsogolera (monga momwe zimakhalira m'badwo watsopano uliwonse m'zaka za zana lino). Tsopano m’zaka zawo za m’ma 40 ndi m’ma 50, m’badwo uwu nawonso wayamba kukokera ku chipembedzo ndi mabungwe ena am’mudzi ogwirizana ndi mabanja. Amakhalanso okonda zachilengedwe. Ndipo chifukwa cha vuto lazachuma la 2008-9-XNUMX la Dot Com lomwe lidasokoneza chiyembekezo chawo chopuma pantchito, akhala osamala kwambiri pankhani yazachuma ndi ndondomeko zandalama.

Mbadwo wolemera kwambiri womwe uli pamphepete mwa umphawi

Malinga ndi Pew lipoti lafukufuku, Gen Xers amapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa makolo awo a Boomer pafupifupi koma amangosangalala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chumacho. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha ngongole zambiri zomwe a Gen Xers adakumana nazo chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa maphunziro ndi nyumba. Pakati pa 1977 mpaka 1997, ngongole ya ngongole ya ophunzira apakatikati inakwera kuchoka pa $2,000 kufika pa $15,000. Pakadali pano, 60 peresenti ya a Gen Xers amanyamula ndalama zama kirediti kadi mwezi ndi mwezi.

Chinthu china chachikulu chomwe chinalepheretsa chuma cha Gen X chinali mavuto azachuma a 2008-9; idafafaniza pafupifupi theka la ndalama zomwe adagulitsa komanso zomwe adapuma pantchito. Ndipotu, a phunziro 2014 anapeza kuti 65 peresenti yokha ya Gen Xers ali ndi chilichonse chosungidwa kuti apume pantchito (kutsika ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri peresenti kuchokera ku 2012), ndipo oposa 40 peresenti ya iwo ali ndi ndalama zosakwana $ 50,000 zopulumutsidwa.

Poganizira mfundo zonsezi, kuphatikiza kuti Gen Xers akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa m'badwo wa Boomer, zikuwoneka kuti ambiri apitiliza kugwira ntchito bwino mpaka zaka zawo zagolide chifukwa chosowa. (Izi zikungoganiza kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimayembekezereka kuti Basic Income ivotedwe m'gulu.) Choyipa kwambiri, Gen Xers ambiri akukumananso ndi zaka khumi (2015 mpaka 2025) za kutukuka kwa ntchito ndi kutukuka kwa malipiro, popeza mavuto azachuma a 2008-9 ali. kusunga ma Boomers pamsika wantchito kwanthawi yayitali, pomwe zaka chikwi zolakalaka zikuyenda patsogolo pa Gen Xers kukhala maudindo.

Siliva yofooka yomwe Gen Xers angayembekezere ndikuti, mosiyana ndi a Boomers omwe akupuma pantchito pasanathe zaka khumi vuto lazachuma litasokoneza thumba lawo lopuma pantchito, a Gen Xers awa akadali ndi zaka 20-40 zopeza malipiro owonjezera kuti amangenso. retirement fund ndi kuchepetsa ngongole zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, a Boomers akadzasiya kugwira ntchito, a Gen Xers adzakhala agalu apamwamba omwe akusangalala ndi chitetezo cha ntchito kwazaka zambiri zomwe ogwira ntchito zaka chikwi ndi XNUMX kumbuyo kwawo amangowalota.

Pamene Gen X atenga ndale

Pakadali pano, a Gen Xers ali m'gulu la mibadwo yochepa kwambiri pazandale kapena pazandale. Kukumana kwawo ndi ntchito zaboma zomwe sizikuyenda bwino komanso misika yazachuma kwadzetsa m'badwo womwe umakhala wopanda chidwi ndi mabungwe omwe amawongolera miyoyo yawo.

Mosiyana ndi mibadwo yakale, US Gen Xers amawona kusiyana pang'ono ndipo sangadziwike ndi zipani za Republican ndi Democratic. Sadziwa bwino za zochitika zapagulu poyerekeza ndi anthu ambiri. Choyipa kwambiri, samawoneka kuti adzavota. Mwachitsanzo, mu chisankho chapakati pa chaka cha 1994 ku US, a Gen Xers oyenerera osakwana mmodzi mwa asanu adaponya voti.

Uwu ndi m'badwo umene suwona utsogoleri mu ndondomeko ya ndale yamakono kuti uthetse tsogolo lodzaza ndi zovuta zenizeni za chikhalidwe, zachuma ndi zachilengedwe-zovuta zomwe Gen Xers akumva kuti ndi olemetsa kuthana nazo. Chifukwa cha kusatetezeka kwawo pazachuma, a Gen Xers ali ndi chizolowezi choyang'ana mkati ndikuyang'ana pabanja ndi dera, mbali za moyo wawo zomwe amawona kuti angathe kuzilamulira bwino. Koma kuyang'ana kwamkatiku sikukhalitsa.

Mwayi wowazungulira ukayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha kubwera kwa ntchito komanso kusokonekera kwa moyo wapakatikati, kuphatikiza kupuma pantchito kwa Boomers paudindo waboma, a Gen Xers azimva kukhala olimba mtima kuti atenge ulamuliro.

Pofika pakati pa 2020s, kulanda ndale kwa Gen X kudzayamba. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, adzasintha boma kuti liwonetsere bwino makhalidwe awo olekerera, chitetezo, ndi kukhazikika (zotchulidwa poyamba). Pochita izi, adzakankhira ndondomeko yatsopano komanso yodalirika yozikidwa pa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

M'malo mwake, lingaliro ili lidzalimbikitsa malingaliro awiri andale omwe amatsutsana nawo mwamwambo: Idzalimbikitsa bajeti yoyenera komanso malingaliro olipira, komanso kuyesa kukhazikitsa mfundo zogawiranso Boma Lalikulu zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulinganiza kusiyana komwe kukukulirakulira pakati pa mayiko. omwe ali nawo ndi omwe alibe.

Poganizira zachikhalidwe chawo chapadera, kunyansidwa kwawo ndi ndale zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, komanso kusatetezeka kwawo pazachuma, ndale za Gen X zitha kukomera ndale zomwe zikuphatikiza:

Kuthetsa tsankho lililonse lotsala lotengera jenda, mtundu, ndi malingaliro ogonana;
Ndondomeko ya ndale ya zipani zambiri, m'malo mwa awiriwa omwe akuwoneka pano ku US ndi mayiko ena;
Chisankho choperekedwa ndi boma;
Makompyuta, m'malo motsogozedwa ndi anthu, njira yogawa zisankho (mwachitsanzo, kusakhalanso kwa gerrymanders);
Kutseka movutikira malire amisonkho ndi misonkho yomwe imapindulitsa mabungwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo zana;
Ndondomeko yowonjezereka ya msonkho yomwe imagawira mofanana phindu la msonkho, m'malo mopereka ndalama za msonkho kuchokera kwa achinyamata kupita kwa okalamba (mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa ndondomeko ya Ponzi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu);
Kukhometsa misonkho yotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu zachilengedwe za dziko; potero kulola dongosolo la capitalist kuti lizikonda mwachilengedwe mabizinesi ndi njira zokomera chilengedwe;
Kuchepetsa mwachangu ogwira ntchito m'boma pophatikiza ukadaulo wa Silicon Valley kuti upangitse njira zambiri zaboma;
Kupangitsa kuti zambiri zaboma zipezeke poyera m'njira yofikirika mosavuta kuti anthu aziwunika ndikuwonjezera, makamaka pamatauni;

Ndale zomwe zili pamwambazi zikukambidwa kwambiri masiku ano, koma palibe zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala lamulo chifukwa cha zofuna zomwe zimagawaniza ndale zamasiku ano kuti zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi misasa ya kumanzere ndi kumanja. Koma mtsogolo Gen X adatsogolera maboma sieze mphamvu ndi kupanga maboma omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu za misasa yonse iwiri, pokhapo pamene ndondomeko zonga izi zidzakhazikika pa ndale.

Mavuto amtsogolo pomwe Gen X adzawonetsa utsogoleri

Koma tili ndi chiyembekezo ngati mfundo zonse zandale zandale zikumveka bwino, pali zovuta zambiri zamtsogolo zomwe zipangitsa kuti zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ziwoneke ngati zopanda ntchito - zovutazi ndi zatsopano, ndipo a Gen Xers adzakhala m'badwo woyamba kuthana nawo molunjika.

Vuto loyamba mwa mavutowa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 2030, nyengo zoopsa kwambiri komanso kutentha kwanyengo kwanthawi yayitali kudzakhala chizolowezi. Izi zidzakakamiza Gen X motsogozedwa ndi maboma padziko lonse lapansi kuti achulukitse pazachuma zongowonjezera mphamvu, komanso ndalama zosinthira kusintha kwanyengo pazomangamanga zawo. Dziwani zambiri m'nkhani yathu Tsogolo la Kusintha kwa Nyengo zino.

Kenako, makina amitundu yosiyanasiyana amitundu yabuluu ndi yoyera ayamba kufulumizitsa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchotsedwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Podzafika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2030, kuchuluka kwa ulova kwanthawi yayitali kudzakakamiza maboma adziko kuti aganizire za New Deal yamakono, mwina mwa mawonekedwe a Basic Income (BI). Dziwani zambiri m'nkhani yathu Tsogolo la Ntchito zino.

Momwemonso, pamene zofuna za msika wa ogwira ntchito zikusintha pafupipafupi chifukwa chakukula kwa ntchito, kufunikira kokonzanso ntchito zamitundu yatsopano komanso mafakitale atsopano kudzakula pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu adzakhala olemedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ngongole za ophunzira zomwe zikukulirakulirabe kuti luso lawo likhale logwirizana ndi zomwe msika ukufunikira. Mwachiwonekere, zochitika zoterezi ndizosakhazikika, ndichifukwa chake maboma a Gen X apanga maphunziro apamwamba kwa nzika zawo.

Pakadali pano, pomwe a Boomers amapuma pantchito m'magulu ambiri (makamaka kumayiko akumadzulo), apuma pantchito yopuma pantchito yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhala yolephera. Maboma ena a Gen X asindikiza ndalama kuti athe kulipira, pomwe ena asinthanso chitetezo cha anthu (mwina kusintha kukhala kachitidwe ka BI kotchulidwa pamwambapa).

Kutsogolo kwaukadaulo, maboma a Gen X awona kutulutsidwa koyamba kowona kuchuluka kwa makompyuta. Ichi ndi chatsopano chomwe chidzayimira kupambana kwenikweni mu mphamvu zamakompyuta, zomwe zidzakonza mafunso ambiri amtundu wa database ndi zofananira zovuta mumphindi zomwe zikanatenga zaka kuti zitheke.

Choyipa chake ndi chakuti mphamvu yokonza yomweyi idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi adani kapena zigawenga kuti awononge mawu achinsinsi pa intaneti - mwa kuyankhula kwina, makina otetezera pa intaneti omwe amateteza mabungwe athu azachuma, ankhondo, ndi aboma atha kugwira ntchito pafupifupi usiku umodzi. Ndipo mpaka kusungitsa kokwanira kwachulukidwe kuti kuthane ndi mphamvu yapakompyuta iyi, ntchito zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa pa intaneti zitha kukakamizidwa kutseka kwakanthawi ntchito zawo zapaintaneti.

Pomaliza, kwa maboma a Gen X a mayiko omwe amapanga mafuta, adzakakamizika kusintha chuma cha pambuyo pa mafuta chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa pofika m'ma 2030, ntchito zogawana magalimoto zopangidwa ndi zombo zazikulu zodziyimira pawokha zidzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu. Pakadali pano, magalimoto amagetsi adzakhala otsika mtengo kugula ndi kukonza kusiyana ndi magalimoto oyaka. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi mafuta oyaka ndi mafuta ena oyambira kale kudzasinthidwa mwachangu ndi magwero amagetsi ongowonjezedwanso. Dziwani zambiri m'nkhani yathu Tsogolo la Maulendo ndi Tsogolo la Mphamvu zino.

The Gen X worldview

Future Gen Xers adzatsogolera dziko lomwe likulimbana ndi kusalingana kwachuma, kusintha kwaukadaulo, komanso kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe. Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha mbiri yawo yayitali ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi ndi kudana ndi kusatetezeka kwa mtundu uliwonse, m'badwo uno udzakhalanso malo abwino kwambiri kuti ayang'ane ndi zovutazi ndikupangitsa kusiyana kwabwino ndi kukhazikika kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Tsopano ngati mukuganiza kuti a Gen Xers ali ndi zambiri pama mbale awo, dikirani mpaka mutaphunzira za zovuta zomwe zaka chikwi zimakumana nazo akalowa m'malo olamulira. Tikambirana zimenezi ndi zinanso m’mutu wotsatira wa nkhanizi.