Exploring Mars: Robots to explore caves and deeper regions of Mars

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 8, 2021

Insight summary

The US space agency is pioneering the development of "Mars Dogs," four-legged robots that blend artificial intelligence and human control to navigate the challenging Martian terrain. These nimble machines, lighter and faster than traditional rovers, can explore previously inaccessible areas, offering new insights into the Red Planet. As we edge closer to space colonization, these robots not only open up economic opportunities and influence policy decisions, but also inspire a new generation to engage in scientific exploration and discovery.

Robots explore Mars context

The US space agency is developing a new breed of exploratory machines, affectionately termed "Mars Dogs." These robotic creatures, designed to resemble large dogs, are quadrupeds (has four legs). Their operation is a fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and human control, creating a balance between autonomous decision-making and guided instruction. These Mars Dogs are nimble and resilient, equipped with sensors that enable them to dodge obstacles, autonomously choose from multiple routes, and construct digital representations of subterranean tunnels.

In contrast to the wheeled rovers used in previous Mars missions, such as Spirit and Opportunity, these Mars Dogs can navigate challenging terrain and explore caves. These areas have been largely inaccessible to traditional rovers due to their design limitations. The Mars Dogs' design allows them to navigate these complex environments with relative ease, enabling scientists to gain insights into regions that were previously out of reach.

Furthermore, these machines offer a significant improvement in speed and weight. They are projected to be approximately 12 times lighter than their wheeled predecessors, which will help to reduce the cost and complexity of transporting them to Mars. In addition, they are expected to move at a speed of 5 kilometers per hour, a vast improvement over the traditional rover's top speed of 0.14 kilometers per hour. This increased speed will allow the Mars Dogs to cover more ground in less time.

Disruptive Impact

As these robots become more sophisticated, they will play an increasingly crucial role in our quest to understand the universe. For instance, these Mars Dogs are designed to probe deep into Martian lava tube caves, a task that would be dangerous for humans. They will also be tasked with searching for signs of past or present life on Mars, as well as identifying potential locations for future human settlements. 

For businesses and governments, the development and deployment of these Mars Dogs could open up new avenues for economic growth and strategic advantage. Companies specializing in robotics, AI, and space technologies may find new opportunities in designing and manufacturing these advanced exploratory machines. Governments could leverage these technologies to assert their presence in space, potentially leading to a new era of space diplomacy. Furthermore, the data collected by these robots could inform policy decisions related to space exploration and colonization, such as the allocation of resources and the establishment of regulations.

As we move closer to the reality of space colonization, these robots could play a pivotal role in preparing humanity for life beyond Earth. They could help identify the resources required for sustaining human life on other planets, such as water and minerals, and even assist in setting up initial infrastructure before human arrival. This feat could inspire a new generation to pursue careers in science and technology, fostering a global culture of exploration and discovery.

Implications of robots exploring Mars

Wider implications of robots exploring Mars may include:

• The technological advancements required for Mars exploration having spin-off applications on Earth, leading to new products and services that improve our quality of life.


• The potential discovery of life on Mars reshaping our understanding of biology, leading to new theories and potentially even medical breakthroughs.


• A new era of international cooperation in space, fostering a sense of global unity and shared purpose.


• Economic growth leading to job creation and wealth generation in sectors related to space technology.


• Legal and ethical debates about property rights and governance in space, leading to new international laws and treaties.


• Reduced need for human astronauts leading to changes in the labor market for space exploration.


• A widening gap between countries with advanced space programs and those without, leading to increased global inequality.

Questions to consider

• How can robots’ mobility in the exploration of Mars improve technology and innovation on Earth?


• What technological advancements should organizations develop to enable humans to explore other planets for a more extended period?


• How can the advances in technology for Martian robots be used in terrestrial robotic applications?