Flywheel business models: Long-term growth over cash grab

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 19, 2023

Insight highlights

The flywheel business model, focusing on customer satisfaction and organic growth, allows businesses to establish a loyal customer base while continually innovating to meet evolving needs. It enables diversification into new markets and shifts the focus to long-term profitability. This model has broader implications, including stronger social connections, economic stability, and cultural shifts toward customer-centricity.

Flywheel business models context

The "flywheel effect," popularized by business consultant Jim Collins, highlights the beneficial cycle between satisfied customers and organic growth, eventually transforming into a core principle of platform-based business models like those employed by Amazon, Apple, and Meta. This model enables swift and sustainable development and has become a common strategy for startups. 

Business models in today's market are geared towards integrating within an ecosystem to gradually expand throughout it. This long-term strategy focuses on overall profitability rather than immediate returns from individual products. Essentially, businesses often introduce products at a loss to capture consumer interest and later lead them to higher-margin offerings. 

For instance, printers are sold at a loss to steer customers toward profitable ink cartridges. Similarly, retail banks often issue debit cards, considered a loss leader due to the high issuance cost and limited revenue, hoping that it will serve as a portal to a range of financial products a customer may need. Alipay, for example, utilized a similar approach, offering many services at a loss to enhance the profitability of its entire customer ecosystem, subsidizing merchant fees to entice retailers and gain consumer data, facilitating more lucrative credit lines.

Disruptive impact

By focusing on a holistic customer experience, companies can organically generate a positive feedback loop where customer satisfaction fuels growth and growth attracting more customers. The 'loss leader' approach, a vital component of the flywheel model, can help businesses attract customers early on and lock them into the ecosystem, leading to a more reliable, long-term customer base. Over time, this model allows enterprises to maintain a robust and loyal customer base while continually innovating to meet evolving customer needs.

Another significant long-term impact of the flywheel business model is the opportunity for businesses to diversify their offerings and enter new markets. With the data gained from customers within the ecosystem, companies can understand their needs better, leading to the development of new, more profitable products and services. This type of diversification enhances revenue streams and reinforces the customer's connection to the ecosystem, making it harder for them to leave. For instance, once Amazon customers are integrated into the ecosystem with a Prime membership, they have access to a wide array of services, from entertainment to grocery shopping, making it less likely for them to seek alternatives.

Finally, the flywheel model fundamentally changes how businesses perceive and measure profitability. Rather than focusing on short-term gains from individual products or services, companies are now examining the lifetime value of a customer within the ecosystem. This shift promotes a more customer-centric approach, where businesses aim to optimize the overall customer experience to increase retention and long-term profitability. 

Implications of flywheel business models

Wider implications of flywheel business models may include: 

• Stronger social connections between businesses and their customers, resulting in increased community engagement, trust, and collaboration.


• A steady revenue growth for businesses resulting in job creation, economic stability, and increased investment in research and development.


• Businesses adopting this model advocating for policies that support consumer protection and fair competition.


• More investments in demographic research and analysis to better understand the target audience, leading to more personalized products and services.


• Innovation in customer relationship management (CRM), data analytics, and automation. Technological advancements resulting from this model can also have widespread implications across other industries.


• Businesses investing in training and development programs to empower employees with the necessary skills to deliver exceptional customer experiences. This upskilling can improve job satisfaction, higher wages, and increased demand for skilled labor.


• Companies investing in eco-friendly manufacturing processes, reducing waste generation, and developing environmentally friendly products to appeal to ethical consumers.


• A culture of empathy, responsiveness, and continuous improvement influencing societal expectations and raising the bar for customer experiences across industries.


• Businesses that successfully implement this model expanding into new markets, driving cross-border trade and economic integration. 

Questions to consider

• What makes you loyal to a brand?


• How else can entrepreneurs use the flywheel business model to disrupt products and services?