Global policy on obesity: An international commitment to shrinking waistlines

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 26, 2021

Implementing effective obesity policies can improve health outcomes and empower individuals to make informed choices, while companies can create supportive environments that enhance well-being and productivity. Governments play a crucial role in enacting policies that regulate food marketing, improve nutritional labeling, and ensure equitable access to nutritious options. The wider implications of global policies on obesity include increased funding for weight loss solutions, social stigmatization concerns, and advancements in health technology.

Global policy on obesity context

Obesity is rising globally, leading to significant economic and health implications. Over 70 percent of adults in low- and middle-income nations are overweight or obese, according to 2016 estimates from the World Bank Group. Moreover, lower-middle-income countries bear a twin burden of malnutrition and obesity. 

As per capita income rises, the burden of obesity transfers to the rural regions of low- and middle-income countries. Rural areas account for about 55 percent of the global increase in obesity, with South East Asia, Latin America, Central Asia, and North Africa accounting for approximately 80 or 90 percent of the recent switch.

Furthermore, inhabitants in many low- and middle-income nations are more vulnerable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) when their BMI is more than 25 (classified as overweight) for various genetic and epigenetic factors. Therefore, obesity in children is very harmful, putting them at a higher risk of developing debilitating NCDs early in life and living with them for a more extended period, robbing them of health and socio-economic capabilities. 

Recent scientific papers published in The Lancet show that in addition to treating obesity, altering diets and food systems is also critical in addressing the rising problems of climate change and the persistent problem of child malnutrition. The World Bank and other development partners are uniquely positioned to help clients in low-, middle-, and high-income nations reduce obesity by running awareness campaigns about the significance of healthy food systems. 

Disruptive impact

Implementing effective obesity policies can lead to improved health outcomes and a higher quality of life. By promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity, individuals can reduce their risk of obesity-related complications, such as chronic diseases and disabilities. Moreover, these policies can empower individuals to make informed choices about their lifestyle and foster a culture of wellness. By investing in education and awareness campaigns, governments can equip individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to maintain their health.

Companies can create supportive environments that prioritize employee well-being by providing access to nutritious food options, promoting physical activity, and offering wellness programs. By doing so, firms can improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, and enhance employee morale and engagement. Additionally, investing in preventive measures can help mitigate the economic burden associated with obesity-related healthcare expenses and early retirements. Adopting a holistic approach that integrates health and wellness into the workplace can have a long-term positive impact on both employees and the organization as a whole.

On a broader scale, governments play a crucial role in shaping the societal response to obesity. They can enact policies that regulate food marketing, improve nutritional labeling, and promote the availability of affordable and nutritious food options. By collaborating with various stakeholders, including the food industry, healthcare professionals, and community organizations, governments can develop comprehensive strategies to prevent and manage obesity. These policies should be designed to address health disparities and ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities for all individuals.

Implications of global policy on obesity

Wider implications of global policy on obesity may include:

• The development of restrictive laws that seek to enhance the dietary quality of foods sold to the public (especially to minors) and as well as economic incentives aimed at promoting physical activity. 


• More aggressive public education campaigns promoting the benefits of weight loss.


• Increased public and private funding to develop innovative weight loss solutions, such as new medications, exercise tools, personalized diets, surgeries, and engineered foods. 


• Social stigmatization and discrimination, affecting individuals' mental well-being and overall quality of life. Conversely, promoting body positivity and inclusivity can foster a more accepting and supportive society.


• Technological advancements, such as wearable devices and mobile applications, empowering individuals to monitor and manage their weight and overall health. However, the reliance on technology may also worsen sedentary behaviors and increase screen time, contributing to the obesity epidemic.


• Pushback against policies that seemingly intrude on personal choice and freedom, requiring governments to create more balanced policies.


• A shift toward sustainable food systems and plant-based diets having positive environmental implications while addressing obesity.

Questions to consider

• Do you believe it is against basic human rights to impose laws and regulations to control people’s diets and physical activities?


• What role can non-governmental organizations play in helping to promote healthier lifestyles?