Quantum internet: Teleporting data

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 18, 2025

Insight summary

Quantum internet harnesses the power of subatomic interactions, capturing the attention of major players for its potential to deliver ultra-fast, highly secure networks. Ongoing research explores new ways to link far-flung quantum memory nodes and maintain stable connections, hinting at major changes in finance, healthcare, and education. These developments may reshape infrastructure plans, global collaborations, and everyday online experiences as quantum services expand.

Quantum internet context

Quantum internet is a specialized platform that transmits information through subatomic particles instead of standard bits. It promises faster communication speeds and a more secure data exchange, drawing attention from tech corporations, financial institutions, and national governments. In 1994, US-based mathematician Peter Shor proposed an algorithm that could break widely used encryption once a powerful quantum computer is operational, generating concerns about a looming "Q-day." Many analysts believe a device with about 1 million quantum bits might be required for this scenario. IBM's Osprey computer, with 433 qubits introduced in 2023, provides a glimpse of how rapidly the field is progressing.

Quantum internet systems work by intertwining pairs of particles so that information encoded on one particle can be transferred to another, regardless of their distance. Researchers at Northwestern University reported in 2024 that they teleported quantum information over a regular fiber optic cable carrying Internet traffic. This achievement suggests that classical and quantum networks could share the same infrastructure, using careful wavelength placement and specific filtering techniques. Harvard physicists also demonstrated a metropolitan-scale quantum network using existing telecommunication lines near Boston in an experiment published in 2024. The study showed how two diamond-based quantum memory nodes could successfully interact over a roughly 22-mile loop.

Many scientists cite ongoing progress in quantum memory and entanglement-swapping protocols as crucial steps to enable networks spanning entire cities or countries. Although full-scale global quantum communication may still be years away, research teams are refining techniques to overcome challenges like signal loss and maintaining stable qubits. Given the increasing interest and resources, they remain confident that quantum internet advancements may result in more secure, high-speed communication channels.

Disruptive impact

Quantum internet may give individuals greater protection for communications, although cybercriminals might use the same technology for malicious purposes. Additionally, the speed and reliability of quantum networks could enable new ways of accessing healthcare remotely or learning through immersive online platforms. People might also discover new opportunities to manage their finances securely, which can make digital payments more appealing. However, future quantum-based devices and services might demand higher upfront costs, causing individuals to evaluate the value of adopting them early.

Companies may embrace quantum internet services to defend sensitive information and develop new lines of business like quantum encryption services. In addition, faster transfer of data might unlock advanced global collaborations, which can stimulate further research in medicine or energy. Plus, quantum security threats could prompt firms to strengthen data-protection tactics or invest in re-skilling their employees. Early movers might gain an advantage by creating secure communication tools and specialized products tailored to quantum-ready consumers.

Meanwhile, governments may channel funds toward updating infrastructure that accommodates quantum technologies, ensuring they can handle potential security challenges. Additionally, policymakers could form cross-border partnerships to build shared quantum networks, encouraging broad cooperation in scientific research and commercial innovation. They might also draft regulations that govern cryptographic standards and address the ethics of quantum surveillance. Another key step involves coordinating cybersecurity policies that guide the safe rollout of quantum internet for civilian and defense purposes.

Implications of quantum internet

Wider implications of quantum internet may include: 

• The technology spurring new e-learning modules that incorporate advanced simulations, leading to deeper knowledge networks for remote communities.
• Quantum-driven micro-finance solutions for underserved regions, leading to better digital access for small businesses.
• A shift in political campaign strategies using near-instant data insights, leading to more precise outreach and policy discussions.
• The rethinking of city planning with quantum-based predictive tools, leading to more integrated public transit networks.
• Cross-border job markets that rely on real-time quantum communication, leading to new norms for remote work arrangements.
• A change in population mobility as quantum telepresence reduces the push for relocation to tech hubs.
• Next-generation supply chains that rely on seamless quantum data flows, leading to better decision-making and resource allocation.
• Environmental monitoring systems that use quantum sensing, leading to more accurate data on wildlife and pollution patterns.
• New entertainment offerings that merge quantum processing with immersive platforms, leading to shared multi-user experiences.
• The reassessment of wealth distribution structures as quantum commerce models lower overhead costs, leading to policy debates about fair resource sharing.

Questions to consider

• How could faster and more secure communication transform the way you learn or access healthcare resources?
• Which new career opportunities might you explore in a future shaped by quantum-driven data services?